IMS Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP): Technical Specification for QTIv2.1 Features

Version 1.0

Candidate Final Version 1.0

Date Issued: 26 March 2012

Latest version: http://www.imsglobal.org/apip/

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List of Figures. 5

List of Tables. 6

1 Introduction.. 13

1.1 Scope and Context 13

1.2 Structure of this Document 13

1.3 Related Documents. 13

1.4 Acronyms. 14

2 New Features Required by APIP.. 16

3 Information Model Extension.. 18

3.1 APIPAccessibility Class. 18

3.1.1 ‘apipAccessibility’ Attribute Description. 19

3.1.2 ‘APIPAccessibility’ Class Description. 20

3.1.3 ‘CompanionMaterialsInfo’ Attribute Description. 20

3.1.4 ‘InclusionOrder’ Attribute Description. 21

3.1.5 ‘AccessibilityInfo’ Attribute Description. 21

3.1.6 ‘Extension’ Attribute Description. 22

3.2 CompanionMaterialsInfo Class. 23

3.2.1 ‘Calculator’ Attribute Description. 24

3.2.2 ‘Rule’ Attribute Description . 25

3.2.3 ‘Protractor’ Attribute Description. 25

3.2.4 ‘DigitalMaterial’ Attribute Description. 26

3.2.5 ‘PhysicalMaterial’ Attribute Description. 26

3.2.6 ‘ReadingPassage’ Attribute Description. 27

3.2.7 ‘Extension’ Attribute Description. 27

3.2.8 ‘Calculator’ Class. 28

3.2.9 ‘ItemFileInfo’ Class. 30

3.3 Rule Class. 31

3.3.1 ‘Description’ Attribute Description. 32

3.3.2 ‘RuleSystemSI’ Attribute Description. 33

3.3.3 ‘RuleSystemUS’ Attribute Description. 33

3.3.4 ‘SIRuleSystem’ Class. 34

3.3.5 ‘MinimumLength’ Attribute Description. 34

3.3.6 ‘MinorIncrement’ Attribute Description. 35

3.3.7 ‘MajorIncrement’ Attribute Description. 35

3.3.8 ‘SILinearValue’ Class. 36

3.3.9 ‘USRuleSystem’ Class. 37

3.3.10 ‘MinimumLength’ Attribute Description. 37

3.3.11 ‘MinorIncrement’ Attribute Description. 38

3.3.12 ‘MajorIncrement’ Attribute Description. 38

3.3.13 ‘USLinearValue’ Class. 39

3.4 Protractor Class. 40

3.4.1 ‘Description’ Attribute Description. 41

3.4.2 ‘IncrementSI’ Attribute Description. 42

3.4.3 ‘IncrementUS’ Attribute Description. 42

3.4.4 ‘IncrementUS’ Class. 43

3.4.5 ‘MinorIncrement’ Attribute Description. 43

3.4.6 ‘MajorIncrement’ Attribute Description. 44

3.4.7 ‘RadialUSValue’ Class Description. 44

3.4.8 ‘Unit’ Attribute Description . 45

3.4.9 ‘IncrementSI’ Class. 45

3.4.10 ‘MinorIncrement’ Attribute Description. 46

3.4.11 ‘MajorIncrement’ Attribute Description. 46

3.4.12 ‘RadialSIValue’ Class Description. 47

3.4.13 ‘Unit’ Attribute Description. 47

3.5 InclusionOrder Class. 48

3.5.1 ‘BrailleDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description. 49

3.5.2 ‘TextOnlyDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description. 50

3.5.3 ‘TextOnlyOnDemandOrder’ Attribute Description. 50

3.5.4 ‘TextGraphicsDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description. 51

3.5.5 ‘TextGraphicsOnDemandOrder’ Attribute Description. 51

3.5.6 ‘GraphicsOnlyOnDemandOrder’ Attribute Description. 52

3.5.7 ‘NonVisualDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description. 52

3.5.8 ‘AslDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description. 53

3.5.9 ‘AslOnDemandOrder’ Attribute Description. 53

3.5.10 ‘SignedEnglishDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description. 54

3.5.11 ‘SignedEnglishOnDemandOrder’ Attribute Description. 54

3.5.12 ‘Extension’ Attribute Description. 55

3.5.13 ‘ElementOrderList’ Class. 55

3.5.14 ‘ElementOrder’ Class. 56

3.6 AccessibilityInfo Information Model 58

3.6.1 ‘AccessElement’ Attribute Description. 59

3.6.2 ‘AccessElement’ Class Description. 60

3.6.3 ‘ContentLinkInfo’ Class Description. 62

3.6.4 ‘TextLink’ Class Description . 65

3.6.5 ‘CharacterStringLink’ Class Description. 68

3.6.7 ‘Spoken’ Class Description. 76

3.6.8 ‘BrailleText’ Class Description. 79

3.6.9 ‘TactileFile’ Class Description. 81

3.6.10 ‘Signing’ Class Description. 84

3.6.11 ‘SignFile’ Class Description. 86

3.6.12 ‘KeyWordTranslation’ Class Description. 88

3.6.13 ‘DefinitionId’ Class Description. 90

3.6.14 ‘RevealAlternativeRepresentation’ Class Description. 92

3.6.15 ‘MarkupFileEmbedded’ Class Description. 98

3.6.16 ‘Guidance’ Class Description. 99

3.6.17 ‘GuidanceSupport’ Class Description. 101

3.6.18 ‘StructuredMask’ Class Description. 103

3.6.19 ‘Scaffold’ Class Description. 106

3.6.20 ‘ScaffoldBehavior’ Class Description. 108

3.6.21 ‘AnswerReduction’ Class Description. 111

3.6.22 ‘RemoveTagGroup’ Class Description. 113

3.6.23 ‘LabelledString’ Class Description. 114

3.6.24 ‘AudioFileInfo’ Class Description. 116

3.6.25 ‘VideoFileInfo’ Class Description. 121

3.6.26 ‘ObjectFileInfo’ Class Description. 125

4 QTI Extension Binding Description.. 128

4.1 Platform Specific Model Representation. 128

4.2 Information Model to PMS to XSD Mappings. 136

4.3 XSD Listing. 148

Appendix A The IMS UML Profile Notation.. 149

About the Document.. 152

List of Contributors. 153

Revision History.. 153

Index.. 154

List of Figures

Figure 2.1 Schematic representation of the relationship between the original and new features. 16

Figure 3.1 APIPAccessibility class. 18

Figure 3.2 CompanionMaterialsInfo class. 23

Figure 3.3 Rule class . 31

Figure 3.4 Protrator class. 40

Figure 3.5 InclusionOrder class. 48

Figure 3.6 AccessibilityInfo class. 58

Figure 3.7 ContentLinkInfo class. 62

Figure 3.8 Spoken class. 76

Figure 3.9 BrailleText class. 79

Figure 3.10 TactileFile class. 81

Figure 3.12 Signing class. 84

Figure 3.13 KeyWordTranslation class. 88

Figure 3.14 RevealAlternativeRepresentation class. 92

Figure 3.15 Guidance class. 99

Figure 3.16 StructuredMask class. 103

Figure 3.17 Scaffold class. 106

Figure 3.18 AnswerReduction class. 111

Figure 3.19 LabelledString class. 114

Figure 3.20 AudioFileInfo class. 116

Figure 3.21 VideoFileInfo class. 121

Figure 3.22 ObjectFileInfo class. 125

Figure 4.1 APIP accessibility root PSM. 129

Figure 4.2 APIP Companion materials information PSM. 130

Figure 4.3 APIP inclusion order PSM. 131

Figure 4.4 APIP accessibility information PSM. 132

Figure 4.5 APIP content link information PSM. 133

Figure 4.6 APIP audio-based accessibility information PSM. 134

Figure 4.7 APIP non-audio-based accessibility information PSM. 135

List of Tables

Table 3.1 The ‘AssessmentItem/FeedbackBlock/RubricBlock/TemplateBlock’ classes. 19

Table 3.2 The ‘apipAccessibility’ attribute for the QTIv2.1 classes. 19

Table 3.3 The ‘APIPAccessibility’ class. 20

Table 3.4 The ‘companionMaterialsInfo’ attribute for the APIPAccessibility class. 20

Table 3.5 The ‘inclusionOrder’ attribute for the APIPAccessibility class. 21

Table 3.6 The ‘accessibilityInfo’ attribute for the APIPAccessibility class. 21

Table 3.7 The ‘extension’ attribute for the APIPAccessibility class. 22

Table 3.8 The ‘CompanionMaterialsInfo’ class. 24

Table 3.9 The ‘calculator’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class. 24

Table 3.10 The ‘rule’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class. 25

Table 3.11 The ‘protractor’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class. 25

Table 3.12 The ‘digitalMaterial’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class. 26

Table 3.13 The ‘physicalMaterial’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class. 26

Table 3.14 The ‘readingPassage’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class. 27

Table 3.15 The ‘extension’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class. 27

Table 3.16 The ‘Calculator’ class. 28

Table 3.17 The ‘calculatorType’ attribute for the Calculator class. 28

Table 3.18 The ‘description’ attribute for the Calculator class. 29

Table 3.19 The ‘calculatorInfo’ attribute for the Calculator class. 29

Table 3.20 The ‘ItemFileInfo’ class. 30

Table 3.21 The‘fileHref’ attribute for the ItemFileInfo class. 30

Table 3.22 The ‘Rule’ class. 32

Table 3.23 The ‘description’ attribute for the Rule class. 32

Table 3.24 The ‘ruleSystemSI’ attribute for the Rule class. 33

Table 3.25 The ‘ruleSystemUS’ attribute for the Rule class. 33

Table 3.26 The ‘SIRuleSystem’ class. 34

Table 3.27 The ‘minimumLength’ attribute for the SIRuleSystem class. 34

Table 3.28 The ‘minorIncrement’ attribute for the SIRuleSystem class. 35

Table 3.29 The ‘majorIncrement’ attribute for the SIRuleSystem class. 35

Table 3.30 The ‘SILinearValue’ class. 36

Table 3.31 The ‘unit’ attribute for the SILinearValue class. 36

Table 3.32 The ‘USRuleSystem’ class. 37

Table 3.33 The ‘minimumLength’ attribute for the USRuleSystem class. 37

Table 3.34 The ‘minorIncrement’ attribute for the USRuleSystem class. 38

Table 3.35 The ‘majorIncrement’ attribute for the USRuleSystem class. 38

Table 3.36 The ‘USLinearValue’ class. 39

Table 3.37 The ‘unit’ attribute for the USLinearValue class. 39

Table 3.38 Description of the ‘Protractor’ class. 41

Table 3.39 Description of the ‘description’ attribute for the Protractor class. 41

Table 3.40 The ‘incrementSI’ attribute for the Protractor class. 42

Table 3.41 The ‘incrementUS’ attribute for the Protractor class. 42

Table 3.42 The ‘IncrementUS’ class. 43

Table 3.43 Description of the ‘minorIncrement’ attribute for the IncrementUS class. 43

Table 3.44 Description of the ‘majorIncrement’ attribute for the IncrementUS class. 44

Table 3.45 Description of the ‘RadialUSValue’ class. 44

Table 3.46 The ‘unit’ attribute for the RadialUSValue class. 45

Table 3.47 The ‘IncrementSI’ class. 45

Table 3.48 Description of the ‘minorIncrement’ attribute for the IncrementSI class. 46

Table 3.49 Description of the ‘majorIncrement’ attribute for the IncrementSI class. 46

Table 3.50 Description of the ‘RadialSIValue’ class. 47

Table 3.51 The ‘unit’ attribute for the RadialUSValue class. 47

Table 3.52 The ‘InclusionOrder’ class. 49

Table 3.53 The ‘brailleDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class. 49

Table 3.54 The ‘textOnlyDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class. 50

Table 3.55 The ‘textOnlyOnDemandOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class. 50

Table 3.56 The ‘textGraphicsDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class. 51

Table 3.57 The ‘textGraphicsOnDemandOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class. 51

Table 3.58 The ‘GraphicsOnlyOnDemandOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class. 52

Table 3.59 The ‘nonVisualDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class. 52

Table 3.60 The ‘aslDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class. 53

Table 3.61 The ‘aslOnDemandOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class. 53

Table 3.62 The ‘signedEnglishDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class. 54

Table 3.63 The ‘signedEnglishOnDemandOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class. 54

Table 3.64 The ‘extension’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class. 55

Table 3.65 The ‘ElementOrderList’ class. 55

Table 3.66 The ‘elementOrder’ attribute for the ElementOrderList class. 56

Table 3.67 The ‘ElementOrder’ class. 56

Table 3.68 The ‘identifierRef’ attribute for the ElementOrder class. 57

Table 3.69 The ‘order’ attribute for the ElementOrder class. 57

Table 3.70 The ‘AccessibilityInfo’ class. 59

Table 3.71 The ‘accessElement’ attribute for the AccessibilityInfo class. 59

Table 3.72 The ‘AccessElement’ class. 60

Table 3.73 The ‘identifier’ attribute for the AccessElement class. 60

Table 3.74 The ‘contentLinkInfo’ attribute for the AccessElement class. 61

Table 3.75 The ‘relatedElementInfo’ attribute for the AccessElement class. 61

Table 3.76 The ‘ContentLinkInfo’ class. 63

Table 3.77 The ‘apipLinkIdentifierRef’ attribute for the ContentLinkInfo class. 63

Table 3.78 The ‘qtiLinkIdentifierRef’ attribute for the ContentLinkInfo class. 64

Table 3.79 The ‘textLink’ attribute for the ContentLinkInfo class. 64

Table 3.80 The ‘objectLink’ attribute for the ContentLinkInfo class. 65

Table 3.81 The ‘TextLink’ class. 65

Table 3.82 The ‘fullString’ attribute for the TextLink class. 66

Table 3.83 The ‘wordLink’ attribute for the TextLink class. 66

Table 3.84 The ‘characterLink’ attribute for the TextLink class. 67

Table 3.85 The ‘characterStringLink’ attribute for the TextLink class. 67

Table 3.86 The ‘CharacterStringLink’ class. 68

Table 3.87 The ‘startCharacter’ attribute for the CharacterStringLink class. 68

Table 3.88 The ‘stopCharacter’ attribute for the CharacterStringLink class. 69

Table 3.89 The ‘RelatedElementInfo’ class. 69

Table 3.90 The ‘spoken’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class. 70

Table 3.91 The ‘brailleText’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class. 70

Table 3.92 The ‘tactileFile’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class. 71

Table 3.93 The ‘signing’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class. 71

Table 3.94 The ‘keyWordTranslation’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class. 72

Table 3.95 The ‘revealAlternativeRepresentation’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class. 72

Table 3.96 The ‘guidance’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class. 73

Table 3.97 The ‘structuredMask’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class. 73

Table 3.98 The ‘scaffold’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class. 74

Table 3.99 The ‘chunk’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class. 74

Table 3.100 The ‘answerReduction’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class. 75

Table 3.101 The ‘keyWordEmphasis’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class. 75

Table 3.102 The ‘extension’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class. 76

Table 3.103 The ‘Spoken’ class. 77

Table 3.104 The ‘audioFileInfo’ attribute for the Spoken class. 77

Table 3.105 The ‘spokenText’ attribute for the Spoken class. 78

Table 3.106 The ‘textToSpeechPronunciation’ attribute for the Spoken class. 78

Table 3.107 The ‘BrailleText’ class. 79

Table 3.108 The ‘brailleTextString’ attribute for the BrailleText class. 80

Table 3.109 The ‘TactileFile’ class. 82

Table 3.110 The ‘tactileAudioFile’ attribute for the TactileFile class. 82

Table 3.111 The ‘tactileAudioText’ attribute for the TactileFile class. 83

Table 3.112 The ‘tactileBrailleText’ attribute for the TactileFile class. 83

Table 3.113 The ‘Signing’ class. 85

Table 3.114 The ‘signFileASL’ attribute for the Signing class. 85

Table 3.115 The ‘signFileSignedEnglish’ attribute for the Signing class. 86

Table 3.116 The ‘SignFile’ class. 86

Table 3.117 The ‘videoFileInfo’ attribute for the SignFile class. 87

Table 3.118 The ‘boneAnimationVideoFileInfo’ attribute for the SignFile class. 87

Table 3.119 The ‘KeyWordTranslation’ class. 89

Table 3.120 The ‘definitionId’ attribute for the KeyWordTranslation class. 89

Table 3.121 The ‘DefinitionId’ class. 90

Table 3.122 The ‘language’ attribute for the DefinitionId class. 90

Table 3.123 The ‘textString’ attribute for the DefinitionId class. 91

Table 3.124 The ‘RevealAlternativeRepresentation’ class. 93

Table 3.125 The ‘audioFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class. 93

Table 3.126 The ‘videoFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class. 94

Table 3.127 The ‘graphicFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class. 94

Table 3.128 The ‘textFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class. 95

Table 3.129 The ‘textString’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class. 95

Table 3.130 The ‘markupFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class. 96

Table 3.131 The ‘MarkupFileEmbedded’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class. 96

Table 3.132 The ‘executableFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class. 97

Table 3.133 The ‘extension’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class. 97

Table 3.134 The ‘MarkupFileEmbedded’ class. 98

Table 3.135 The ‘extension’ attribute for the MarkupFileEmbedded class. 98

Table 3.136 The ‘Guidance’ class. 100

Table 3.137 The ‘langageLearnerSupport’ attribute for the Guidance class. 100

Table 3.138 The ‘cognitveGuidanceSupport’ attribute for the Guidance class. 101

Table 3.139 The ‘GuidanceSupport’ class. 101

Table 3.140 The ‘supportOrder’ attribute for the GuidanceSupport class. 102

Table 3.141 The ‘textString’ attribute for the GuidanceSupport class. 102

Table 3.142 The ‘StructuredMask’ class. 104

Table 3.143 The ‘revealOrder’ attribute for the StructuredMask class. 104

Table 3.144 The ‘answerOption’ attribute for the StructuredMask class. 105

Table 3.145 The ‘Scaffold’ class. 107

Table 3.146 The ‘revealOrder’ attribute for the Scaffold class. 107

Table 3.147 The ‘scaffoldBehavior’ attribute for the Scaffold class. 108

Table 3.148 The ‘ScaffoldBehavior’ class. 108

Table 3.149 The ‘audioFileInfo’ attribute for the ScaffoldBehavior class. 109

Table 3.150 The ‘textString’ attribute for the ScaffoldBehavior class. 109

Table 3.151 The ‘spokenText’ attribute for the ScaffoldBehavior class. 110

Table 3.152 The ‘AnswerReduction’ class. 112

Table 3.153 The ‘removeTagGroup’ attribute for the AnswerReduction class. 112

Table 3.154 The ‘RemoveTagGroup’ class. 113

Table 3.155 The ‘removeTagGroupOrder’ attribute for the RemoveTagGroup class. 113

Table 3.156 The ‘removeTagIdRef’ attribute for the RemoveTagGroup class. 114

Table 3.157 The ‘LabelledString’ class. 115

Table 3.158 The ‘contentLinkIdentifier’ attribute for the LabelledString class. 115

Table 3.159 The ‘AudioFileInfo’ class. 117

Table 3.160 The ‘contentLinkIdentifier’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class. 117

Table 3.161 The ‘mimeType’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class. 118

Table 3.162 The ‘fileHref’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class. 118

Table 3.163 The ‘voiceType’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class. 119

Table 3.164 The ‘voiceSpeed’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class. 119

Table 3.165 The ‘startTime’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class. 120

Table 3.166 The ‘duration’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class. 120

Table 3.167 The ‘VideoFileInfo’ class. 121

Table 3.168 The ‘contentLinkIdentifier’ attribute for the VideoFileInfo class. 122

Table 3.169 The ‘mimeType’ attribute for the VideoFileInfo class. 122

Table 3.170 The ‘fileHref’ attribute for the VideoFileInfo class. 123

Table 3.171 The ‘startCue’ attribute for the VideoFileInfo class. 123

Table 3.172 The ‘endCue’ attribute for the VideoFileInfo class. 124

Table 3.173 The ‘ObjectFileInfo’ class. 125

Table 3.174 The ‘contentLinkIdentifier’ attribute for the ObjectFileInfo class. 126

Table 3.175 The ‘mimeType’ attribute for the ObjectFileInfo class. 126

Table 3.176 The ‘fileHref’ attribute for the ObjectFileInfo class. 127

Table 4.1 Mapping between the PIM (Information Model), PSM (Binding) and XSD descriptions for the APIP QTI Extensions. 137

Table A1.1 Class and attribute descriptors. 149

1 Introduction

1.1 Scope and Context

This document contains the technical specification of some of the new features created for the Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP) Standard. The APIP Standard provides assessment programs and question item developers a data model for standardizing the file format of digital test items. When applied properly, the APIP standards accomplish two important goals. First, the APIP standards allow digital test items to be ported across APIP compliant test item banks. Second, the APIP standards provide a test delivery interface with all the information and resources required to make a test item accessible for students with a variety of disabilities and special needs.

The APIP standards build on the IMS Question and Test Interoperability (QTI) v2.1 [QTI, 06a] and the IMS Access For All Personal Needs & Preferences (AfA PNP) v2.0 specifications. However, these do not provide all of the functionality required by APIP and so extensions have been created to both specifications. This document details the extensions to the QTI v2.1 Specification in terms of the new information model and the corresponding XML Schema Definition (XSD) binding. The associated best practises and examples are presented in [APIP, 12c].

This version of the document is Candidate Final, meaning the technical solution described in the specification is as definitive as possible in the absence of numerous systems and content that have implemented the specification and achieved official conformance. IMS strongly encourages its members and the community in general to continue/begin developing to the specification now. When a sufficient number of systems have proven the solution works through successful conformance achievement, the Candidate Final specification will be submitted to IMS members for Final approval. IMS expects only minor refinements based on implementation experience during this Candidate Final period.

Revisions to the APIP specification will be posted here: http://www.imsglobal.org/APIP/
To join the IMS developer and conformance certification community focused on APIP and QTI v2.1 please visit the IMS QTI2/APIP Alliance online here: http://www.imsglobal.org/developers/apipalliance/index.cfm
Public contributions, comments and questions can be posted here: http://www.imsglobal.org/community/forum/categories.cfm?catid=110

1.2 Structure of this Document

The structure of the rest of this document is:

2. New Features by the APIP	An overview of the new features and their relationship to the corresponding baseline IMS specifications;
3. QTI Information model Extension	The information model description (using the IMS unified modelling language platform independent model representation) of the imported extensions to the QTI v2.1 specification;
4. QTI Extension Binding Description	The binding description (using the IMS UML platform specific model representation for XSDs) of the extensions to the QTI v2.1 specification;
Appendix A The IMS UML Profile Notation	An explanation of the notational approach used in describing the new information models.

1.3 Related Documents

[APIP, 12a] Accessible Portable Item Profile (APIP) v1.0: Technical Specification Overview v1.0, Candidate Final Release, G.Driscoll, T.Hoffmann, W.Ostler, M.Russell and C.Smythe, IMS Global Inc., March 2012.

[APIP, 12b] Accessible Portable Item Profile (APIP) v1.0: Technical Specification v1.0, Candidate Final Release, G.Driscoll, T.Hoffmann, W.Ostler, M.Russell and C.Smythe, IMS Global Inc., March 2012.

[APIP, 12c] Accessible Portable Item Profile (APIP) v1.0: Best Practices & Implementation Guide v1.0, Candidate Final Release, G.Driscoll, T.Hoffmann, W.Ostler, M.Russell and C.Smythe, IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc., March 2012.

[QTI, 2006a] IMS Question & Test Interoperability Assessment Test, Section and Item Information Model v2.1, S.Lay and P.Gorissen, Public Draft Revision 2, IMS Global Inc., June 2006.

[QTI, 2006b] IMS Question & Test Interoperability XML Bindingv2.1, S.Lay and P.Gorissen, Public Draft Revision 2, IMS Global Inc., June 2006.

[QTI, 2006c] IMS Question & Test Interoperability Implementation Guide v2.1, S.Lay and P.Gorissen, Public Draft Revision 2, IMS Global Inc., June 2006.

[QTI, 2006d] IMS Question & Test Interoperability Conformance Guide v2.1, S.Lay and P.Gorissen, Public Draft Revision 2, IMS Global Inc., June 2006.

[QTI, 2006e] IMS Question & Test Interoperability Metadata and Usage Data v2.1, S.Lay and P.Gorissen, Public Draft Revision 2, IMS Global Inc., June 2006.

[QTI, 2006f] IMS Question & Test Interoperability Migration Guide v2.1, S.Lay and P.Gorissen, Public Draft Revision 2, IMS Global Inc., June 2006.

[QTI, 2006g] IMS Question & Test Interoperability Overview v2.1, S.Lay and P.Gorissen, Public Draft Revision 2, IMS Global Inc., June 2006.

[QTI, 2006h] IMS Question & Test Interoperability Results Reporting v2.1, S.Lay and P.Gorissen, Public Draft Revision 2, IMS Global Inc., June 2006.

1.4 Acronyms

AfA PNP Access for All Personal Needs & Preferences

APIP Accessible Portable Item Protocol

ASL American Sign Language

CP Content Packaging

HTML Hypertext Mark-up Language

I-BAT IMS Binding Auto-generation Toolkit

IMS Global IMS Global Learning Consortium

LUID Locally Unique Identifier

PIM Platform Independent Model

PSM Platform Specific Model

QTI Question & Test Interoperability

UML Unified Modeling Language

XML Exchange Mark-up Language

XSD XML Schema Definition

2 New Features Required by APIP

The original IMS QTI specifications do not address content accessibility except in the form of best practice recommendations for HTML. Therefore, support for accessibility in the form of special content requires extensions to the QTI and the corresponding XSD. These extensions will be ignored by non-APIP enabled systems.

The relationship between the bindings of the new features with the original specifications is shown schematically in Figure 2.1. The new features are realised as their own XSD (shown as the XSD at the base of the diagram). This new XSD is used to extend the functionality of the original/profiled QTI XSD (shown as the middle feature in the diagram) and these are used to validate the corresponding data file instances.

Figure 2.1 Schematic representation of the relationship between the original and new features.

The APIP Accessibility Information component contains two categories of information that specify supplementary information that a test delivery engine may present to an examinee based on his or her access need. The first category of information defines elements within item, section and test content, and is used in extent to mark up the content for which supplementary information may be provided. Content elements are defined by referencing specific blocks of text, media files, or parts of a table that appear within the Item Content Information component. Content elements can range in size from a single character to all content contained in the Item Content Information component. In addition, a piece of item content may be referenced by multiple item content definitions.

The second category of information contained in the Accessibility Information component specifies the supplementary information that is to be presented to examinees with a specific access need. Supplementary information falls into two broad categories, namely alternate representations of content and additional information. Alternate representations include presentation of an item element in audio, Braille, tactile, or signed form. Additional information includes key word definitions, key word translations, flags, and scaffold supports.

This document describes the functionality and development of the new XSD that represent this new functionality. The points where the APIP extensions are used in the QTIv2.1 are explicitly identified in the QTIv2.1 specification (externally name-spaced features). The profiled versions of the QTIv2.1 specification used by APIP do not add any further points of use of the APIP features.

3 Information Model Extension

3.1 APIPAccessibility Class

The PIM for the APIPAccessibility class is shown in Figure 3.1.

Figure 3.1 APIPAccessibility class.

Table 3.1 The ‘AssessmentItem/FeedbackBlock/RubricBlock/TemplateBlock’ classes.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	AssessmentItem, FeedbackBlock, RubricBlock, TemplateBlock
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Root
Children	[ …, apipAccessibility ], ordered
Description	These are the root containers for APIP information within QTIv2.1. See the IMS Question & Test Interoperability v2.1 specification [QTI, 2006a].

3.1.1 ‘apipAccessibility’ Attribute Description

Table 3.2 The ‘apipAccessibility’ attribute for the QTIv2.1 classes.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	apipAccessibility
Data type	APIPAccessibiity
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the top-level container for the APIP material that is used to extend the various QTI features. This attribute is a named extension feature in the QTIv2.1 specification.

3.1.2 ‘APIPAccessibility’ Class Description

Table 3.3 The ‘APIPAccessibility’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	APIPAccessibility
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	AssessmentItem (defined in the IMS QTI Information Model v2.1).
Children	[ companionMaterialsInfo, inclusionOrderInfo, accessibilityInfo, extension ], ordered
Description	This is the root container for all of the APIP QTI Accessibility information that is required to extend the base IMS QTIv2.1 specification. This class is the type for the attribute ‘apipAccessibility’ that is used to extend the QTI data model and in particular the AssessmentItem class.

3.1.3 ‘CompanionMaterialsInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.4 The ‘companionMaterialsInfo’ attribute for the APIPAccessibility class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	companionMaterialsInfo
Data type	CompanionMaterialsInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This identifies the set of companion materials that should be used when answering the questions presented during the assessment. A number of different types of materials can be required in various combinations.

3.1.4 ‘InclusionOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.5 The ‘inclusionOrder’ attribute for the APIPAccessibility class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	inclusionOrder
Data type	InclusionOrder
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is used to define the order that the assessment information is to be presented to a learner for a number of different accessibility preferences.

3.1.5 ‘AccessibilityInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.6 The ‘accessibilityInfo’ attribute for the APIPAccessibility class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	accessibilityInfo
Data type	AccessibilityInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the new accessibility content that is defined to enable the range of supported accessibility options to reconfigure the assessment content. This content augments the original content that is defined for the associated QTI feature.

3.1.6 ‘Extension’ Attribute Description

Table 3.7 The ‘extension’ attribute for the APIPAccessibility class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	extension
Data type	Unspecified
Value space	Defined in terms of how the Information Model is realised by a binding.
Multiplicity	[0..unbounded], unordered
Description	This is a placeholder. It informs bindings of this Information Model as to the valid locations for the inclusion that extend the parent class. The form of the extension is binding dependent.

3.2 CompanionMaterialsInfo Class

The PIM for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class is shown in Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.2 CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Table 3.8 The ‘CompanionMaterialsInfo’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	CompanionMaterialsInfo
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPAccessibility
Children	[ calculator, rule, protractor, digitalMaterial, physicalMaterial, readingPassage, extension ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the information about the companion materials that are available to a learner undertaking the assessment.

3.2.1 ‘Calculator’ Attribute Description

Table 3.9 The ‘calculator’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	calculator
Data type	Calculator
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This refers to the information that is available about the calculator that is permitted/required for use in the assessment.

3.2.2 ‘Rule’ Attribute Description

Table 3.10 The ‘rule’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	rule
Data type	Rule
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..*]
Description	This refers to the information that is available about the Rules that are permitted/required for use in the assessment.

3.2.3 ‘Protractor’ Attribute Description

Table 3.11 The ‘protractor’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	protractor
Data type	Protractor
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..*]
Description	This refers to the information that is available about the protractors that are permitted/required for use in the assessment.

3.2.4 ‘DigitalMaterial’ Attribute Description

Table 3.12 The ‘digitalMaterial’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	digitalMaterial
Data type	ItemFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..*]
Description	This refers to the external digital material that is available for use with the assessment e.g. a map, formula sheet, etc. The digital material is available at the location identified by a URL.

3.2.5 ‘PhysicalMaterial’ Attribute Description

Table 3.13 The ‘physicalMaterial’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	physicalMaterial
Data type	NormalizedString (See Table A1.1)
Value space	Normalized string. Length [1-2047] characters.
Multiplicity	[0..*]
Description	This refers to the external physical material that is available for use with the assessment e.g. a map, formula sheet, etc. The associated text can be used to describe the material and where and when it is to be used.

3.2.6 ‘ReadingPassage’ Attribute Description

Table 3.14 The ‘readingPassage’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	readingPassage
Data type	ItemFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This refers to the information that is available about the reading passage that is permitted/required for use in the assessment. The reading passage is available at the location identified by a URL.

3.2.7 ‘Extension’ Attribute Description

Table 3.15 The ‘extension’ attribute for the CompanionMaterialsInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	extension
Data type	Unspecified
Value space	Defined in terms of how the Information Model is realised by a binding.
Multiplicity	[0..unbounded], unordered
Description	This is a placeholder. It informs bindings of this Information Model as to the valid locations for the inclusion that extend the parent class. The form of the extension is binding dependent.

3.2.8 ‘Calculator’ Class

The PIM for the Calculator class is shown in Figure 3.2.

Table 3.16 The ‘Calculator’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Calculator
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	CompanionMaterialsInfo
Children	[ calculatorType, description, calculatorInfo ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the information about the calculator that is required/permitted for use by the learner undertaking the assessment.

3.2.8.1 ‘CalculatorType’ Attribute Description

Table 3.17 The ‘calculatorType’ attribute for the Calculator class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	calculatorType
Data type	Enumeration
Value space	Enumeration set of: { Basic \| Standard \| Scientific \| Graphing }
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The definition of the set of permitted calculators for use with the assessment.

3.2.8.2 ‘Description’ Attribute Description

Table 3.18 The ‘description’ attribute for the Calculator class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	description
Data type	NormalizedString
Value space	Normalized string (see Appendix A). Length [1-2047] characters.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Provides for a human readable description of the functionality/capability of the calculator that is available to the learner.

3.2.8.3 ‘CalculatorInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.19 The ‘calculatorInfo’ attribute for the Calculator class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	calculatorInfo
Data type	ItemInfoFile
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This refers to the access to the calculator itself that is permitted/required for use in the assessment. The calculator is available at the location identified by a URI.

3.2.9 ‘ItemFileInfo’ Class

The PIM for the ItemFile class is shown in Figure 3.2.

Table 3.20 The ‘ItemFileInfo’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	ItemInfoFile
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	CompanionMaterialsInfo
Children	[ fileHref ]
Description	This is the container for information about an external file that contains information to be made available to the learner.

3.2.9.1 ‘FileHref’ Attribute Description

Table 3.21 The‘fileHref’ attribute for the ItemFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	fileHref
Data type	FileHref
Value space	Normalized String (see Appendix A) containing a URI. Length [1-1023] characters.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the URI for the associated content file.

3.3 Rule Class

The PIM for the Rule class is shown in Figure 3.3.

Figure 3.3 Rule class

Table 3.22 The ‘Rule’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Rule
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	CompanionMaterials
Children	[ description, ( ruleSystemSI \| ruleSystemUS ) ], ordered with selection
Description	The container for the information about the rule that is permitted/required for use in the assessment. The rule is defined in terms of SI or US units.

3.3.1 ‘Description’ Attribute Description

Table 3.23 The ‘description’ attribute for the Rule class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	description
Data type	Normalized String (see Appendix A).
Value space	Normalized string. Length [1-1023] characters.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Provides for a human readable description of the functionality/capability of the rule that is available to the learner.

3.3.2 ‘RuleSystemSI’ Attribute Description

Table 3.24 The ‘ruleSystemSI’ attribute for the Rule class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	ruleSystemSI
Data type	RuleSystemSI
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The container for the information about the rule defined in terms of SI units.

3.3.3 ‘RuleSystemUS’ Attribute Description

Table 3.25 The ‘ruleSystemUS’ attribute for the Rule class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	ruleSystemUS
Data type	RuleSystemUS
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The container for the information about the rule defined in terms of US units.

3.3.4 ‘SIRuleSystem’ Class

The PIM for the SIRuleSystem class is given in Figure 3.3.

Table 3.26 The ‘SIRuleSystem’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	SIRuleSystem
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Rule
Children	[ minimumLength, minorIncrement, majorIncrement ], ordered
Description	The container for the information about the rule that is permitted/required for use in the assessment. The rule is defined in terms of SI units.

3.3.5 ‘MinimumLength’ Attribute Description

Table 3.27 The ‘minimumLength’ attribute for the SIRuleSystem class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	minimumLength
Data type	Integer
Value space	1 ≤ minimumLength ≤ 2¹⁶-1
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the container for the minimum length of the rule. The length is defined as a multiple of the unit of the major increment.

3.3.6 ‘MinorIncrement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.28 The ‘minorIncrement’ attribute for the SIRuleSystem class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	minorIncrement
Data type	SILinearValue
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the length of the minor increment for the rule.

3.3.7 ‘MajorIncrement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.29 The ‘majorIncrement’ attribute for the SIRuleSystem class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	majorIncrement
Data type	SILinearValue
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the container for the length of the major increment for the rule.

3.3.8 ‘SILinearValue’ Class

The PIM for the SILinearValue class is shown in Figure 3.3.

Table 3.30 The ‘SILinearValue’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	LinearValue
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Rule
Children	[ unit ], ordered
Value space	Decimal [0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1000.0]
Description	The container for the information about the increment (length and unit) of a Rule. The value is the length in the associated type of unit.

3.3.8.1 ‘Unit’ Attribute Description

Table 3.31 The ‘unit’ attribute for the SILinearValue class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	unit
Data type	Enumeration.
Value space	Enumeration set of: { Millimeter \| Centimeter \| Meter \| Kilometer }
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This defines the type unit of length that are permitted for the rule.

3.3.9 ‘USRuleSystem’ Class

The PIM for the USRuleSystem class is given in Figure 3.3.

Table 3.32 The ‘USRuleSystem’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	USRuleSystem
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Rule
Children	[ minimumLength, minorIncrement, majorIncrement ], ordered
Description	The container for the information about the rule that is permitted/required for use in the assessment. The rule is defined in terms of US units.

3.3.10 ‘MinimumLength’ Attribute Description

Table 3.33 The ‘minimumLength’ attribute for the USRuleSystem class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	minimumLength
Data type	Integer
Value space	1 ≤ minimumLength ≤ 2¹⁶-1
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the container for the minimum length of the rule. The length is defined as a multiple of the unit of the major increment.

3.3.11 ‘MinorIncrement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.34 The ‘minorIncrement’ attribute for the USRuleSystem class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	minorIncrement
Data type	USLinearValue
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the length of the minor increment for the rule.

3.3.12 ‘MajorIncrement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.35 The ‘majorIncrement’ attribute for the USRuleSystem class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	majorIncrement
Data type	USLinearValue
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the container for the length of the major increment for the rule.

3.3.13 ‘USLinearValue’ Class

The PIM for the USLinearValue class is shown in Figure 3.3.

Table 3.36 The ‘USLinearValue’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	LinearValue
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Rule
Children	[ unit ], ordered
Value space	Decimal [0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1000.0]
Description	The container for the information about the increment (length and unit) of a Rule. The value is the length in the associated type of unit.

3.3.13.1 ‘Unit’ Attribute Description

Table 3.37 The ‘unit’ attribute for the USLinearValue class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	unit
Data type	Enumeration.
Value space	Enumeration set of: { Inch \| Foot \| Yard \| Mile }
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This defines the type unit of length that are permitted for the rule.

3.4 Protractor Class

The PIM for the Protractor class is shown in Figure 3.4.

Figure 3.4 Protrator class.

Table 3.38 Description of the ‘Protractor’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Protractor
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	CompanionMaterialsInfo
Children	[ description, ( incrementUS \| incrementSI ) ], ordered and selection
Description	This is the container for the information about the permitted characteristics of the protractor companion material.

3.4.1 ‘Description’ Attribute Description

Table 3.39 Description of the ‘description’ attribute for the Protractor class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	description
Data type	Normalized String (see Appendix A).
Value space	Normalized string. Length [1-1023] characters.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Provides for a human readable description of the functionality/capability of the protractor that is available to the learner.

3.4.2 ‘IncrementSI’ Attribute Description

Table 3.40 The ‘incrementSI’ attribute for the Protractor class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	incrementSI
Data type	IncrementSI
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The container for the information about the protractor defined in terms of SI units.

3.4.3 ‘IncrementUS’ Attribute Description

Table 3.41 The ‘incrementUS’ attribute for the Protractor class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	incrementUS
Data type	IncrementUS
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The container for the information about the protractor defined in terms of US units.

3.4.4 ‘IncrementUS’ Class

The PIM for the IncrementUS class is given in Figure 3.4.

Table 3.42 The ‘IncrementUS’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	IncrementUS
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Protractor
Children	[ minorIncrement, majorIncrement ], ordered
Description	The container for the information about the protractor that is permitted/required for use in the assessment. The rule is defined in terms of US units.

3.4.5 ‘MinorIncrement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.43 Description of the ‘minorIncrement’ attribute for the IncrementUS class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	minorIncrement
Data type	RadialUSValue
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the information about the minor increments used on the protractor.

3.4.6 ‘MajorIncrement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.44 Description of the ‘majorIncrement’ attribute for the IncrementUS class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	increment
Data type	RadialUSValue
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the information about the major increments used on the protractor.

3.4.7 ‘RadialUSValue’ Class Description

Table 3.45 Description of the ‘RadialUSValue’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	RadialUSValue
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	IncrementUS
Children	[ unit ]
Value space	Decimal [0.0 ≤ x ≤ 359.99] – for unit of degree Decimal [0.0 ≤ x ≤ 59.99] – for unit of second and minute
Description	The container for the information about the increment size for a protractor. The value is in the associated type of unit.

3.4.8 ‘Unit’ Attribute Description

Table 3.46 The ‘unit’ attribute for the RadialUSValue class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	unit
Data type	Enumeration.
Value space	Enumeration set of: { Degree \| Minute \| Second }
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This defines the US unit of radial increment that is used for the protractor.

3.4.9 ‘IncrementSI’ Class

The PIM for the IncrementSI class is given in Figure 3.4.

Table 3.47 The ‘IncrementSI’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	IncrementSI
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Protractor
Children	[ minorIncrement, majorIncrement ], ordered
Description	The container for the information about the protractor that is permitted/required for use in the assessment. The protractor is defined in terms of SI units.

3.4.10 ‘MinorIncrement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.48 Description of the ‘minorIncrement’ attribute for the IncrementSI class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	increment
Data type	RadialSIValue
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the information about the minor increments used on the protractor.

3.4.11 ‘MajorIncrement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.49 Description of the ‘majorIncrement’ attribute for the IncrementSI class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	increment
Data type	RadialSIValue
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the container for the information about the major increments used on the protractor.

3.4.12 ‘RadialSIValue’ Class Description

Table 3.50 Description of the ‘RadialSIValue’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	RadialSIValue
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	IncrementSI
Children	[ unit ]
Value space	Decimal [0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2p]
Description	The container for the information about the increment size for a protractor. The value is in the associated type of unit.

3.4.13 ‘Unit’ Attribute Description

Table 3.51 The ‘unit’ attribute for the RadialUSValue class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	unit
Data type	Enumeration.
Value space	Enumeration set of: { Radian }
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This defines the SI unit of radial increment that is used for the protractor.

3.5 InclusionOrder Class

The PIM for the InclusionOrder class is shown in Figure 3.5.

Figure 3.5 InclusionOrder class.

Table 3.52 The ‘InclusionOrder’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	InclusionOrder
Class type	Container (Unordered)
Parents	APIPAccessibility
Children	[ brailleDefaultOrder, textOnlyDefaultOrder, textOnlyOnDemandOrder, textGraphicsDefaultOrder, textGraphicsOnDemandOrder, graphicsOnlyOnDemandOrder, nonVisualDefaultOrder, aslDefaultOrder, aslOnDemandOrder, signedEnglishDefaultOrder, signedEnglishOnDemandOrder, extension ], unordered
Description	This is the container for the set of inclusion orders that can be defined for an assessment feature. Each assessment feature can have one set of inclusion orders.

3.5.1 ‘BrailleDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.53 The ‘brailleDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	brailleDefaultOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the default inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is to be rendered as the alternative presentation for Braille.

3.5.2 ‘TextOnlyDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.54 The ‘textOnlyDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textOnlyDefaultOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the default inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is to be rendered as the alternative presentation of textual information in audio forms. Text-based audio access is specific to examinees who are able to view contents displayed on a screen, but may need assistance accessing those contents. Text-based audio access provides an audio representation of alphanumeric content.

3.5.3 ‘TextOnlyOnDemandOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.55 The ‘textOnlyOnDemandOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textOnlyOnDemandOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the on demand inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is to be rendered as the alternative presentation of textual information in audio forms. The form in which the user accesses the information is implementation dependent.

3.5.4 ‘TextGraphicsDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.56 The ‘textGraphicsDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textGraphicsDefaultOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the default inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is available in audio forms for text and graphical content. Text-based and graphic audio access is specific to examinees who have difficulty viewing contents displayed on a screen and need assistance accessing both alphanumeric content and graphical elements. Text-based and graphic audio access provides an audio representation of alphanumeric content and audio descriptions of information displayed in graphical and tabular form.

3.5.5 ‘TextGraphicsOnDemandOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.57 The ‘textGraphicsOnDemandOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textGraphicsOnDemandOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the on demand inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is available in audio forms for text and graphical content. The form in which the user accesses the information is implementation dependent.

3.5.6 ‘GraphicsOnlyOnDemandOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.58 The ‘GraphicsOnlyOnDemandOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	graphicsOnlyOnDemandOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the on demand inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is available in audio forms for graphical only content. The form in which the user accesses the information is implementation dependent.

3.5.7 ‘NonVisualDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.59 The ‘nonVisualDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	nonVisualDefaultOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Non-visual access is specific to examinees who are legally blind and who require an audio presentation and/or text for Braille display of item content. Blind access requires audio and/or Braille Text representations of alphanumeric, graphical, and tabular content. Blind access also typically presents item elements automatically to the examinee, but is selective about which item elements are presented. This is the container for the default inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is available for non-visual usage.

3.5.8 ‘AslDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.60 The ‘aslDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	aslDefaultOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the default order information for the accessibility content that is available in the form of ASL. The form in which the user accesses the information is implementation dependent.

3.5.9 ‘AslOnDemandOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.61 The ‘aslOnDemandOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	aslOnDemandOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the on demand inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is available in the form of ASL. The form in which the user accesses the information is implementation dependent.

3.5.10 ‘SignedEnglishDefaultOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.62 The ‘signedEnglishDefaultOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	signedEnglishDefaultOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the default order information for the accessibility content that is available in the form of Signed English. The form in which the user accesses the information is implementation dependent.

3.5.11 ‘SignedEnglishOnDemandOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.63 The ‘signedEnglishOnDemandOrder’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	signedEnglishOnDemandOrder
Data type	ElementOrderList
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the on demand inclusion order information for the accessibility content that is available in the form of Signed English. The form in which the user accesses the information is implementation dependent.

3.5.12 ‘Extension’ Attribute Description

Table 3.64 The ‘extension’ attribute for the InclusionOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	extension
Data type	Unspecified
Value space	Defined in terms of how the Information Model is realised by a binding.
Multiplicity	[0..unbounded], unordered
Description	This is a placeholder. It informs bindings of this Information Model as to the valid locations that extend the parent class. The form of the extension is binding dependent.

3.5.13 ‘ElementOrderList’ Class

The PIM for the ElementOrderList class is shown in Figure 3.5.

Table 3.65 The ‘ElementOrderList’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	ElementOrderList
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	IncusionOrder
Children	[ elementOrder ], unordered
Description	This is the container for the ordered list of alternative accessibility elements that are to be rendered for one of the inclusion orders.

Table 3.66 The ‘elementOrder’ attribute for the ElementOrderList class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	elementOrder
Data type	ElementOrder
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1..unbounded]
Description	This is the pointer to the information about the inclusion order for each alternative accessibility content structure.

3.5.14 ‘ElementOrder’ Class

The PIM for the ElementOrder class is shown in Figure 3.5.

Table 3.67 The ‘ElementOrder’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	ElementOrder
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	ElementOrderList
Children	[ identifierRef, order ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the identification of the alternative accessibility element (this locally unique identifier is assigned as part of the ‘AccessElement’ information) and its relative order within the inclusion order set.

Table 3.68 The ‘identifierRef’ attribute for the ElementOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	identifierRef
Data type	LUIDRef
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the reference to the locally unique identifier that has been assigned to the alternative accessibility content (assigned as part of the ‘AccessElement’ information).

Table 3.69 The ‘order’ attribute for the ElementOrder class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	order
Data type	Integer
Value space	1 ≤ order ≤ 2048
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the relative order for the alternative accessibility content in the associated ordered list for the inclusion order.

3.6 AccessibilityInfo Information Model

The PIM for the AccessibilityInfo class is shown in Figure 3.6.

Figure 3.6 AccessibilityInfo class.

Table 3.70 The ‘AccessibilityInfo’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	AccessibilityInfo
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPAccessibility
Children	[ accessElement ]
Description	This is the container for all of the information about the alternative accessibility content.

3.6.1 ‘AccessElement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.71 The ‘accessElement’ attribute for the AccessibilityInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	accessElement
Data type	AccessElement
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1.. unbounded]
Description	The accessibility information consists of a list of ‘AccessElement’ structures. Each ‘AccessElement’ describes the nature of one alternative accessibility form.

3.6.2 ‘AccessElement’ Class Description

The PIM for the AccessElement class is shown in Figure 3.6.

Table 3.72 The ‘AccessElement’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	AccessElement
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	AccessibilityInfo
Children	[ identifier, contentLinkInfo, relatedElementInfo ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the information about a single access element.

3.6.2.1 ‘Identifier’ Attribute Description

Table 3.73 The ‘identifier’ attribute for the AccessElement class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	identifier
Data type	LUID
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the locally unique identifier for the access element. This is the identifier referenced by the ‘InclusionOrder’ structure.

3.6.2.2 ‘ContentLinkInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.74 The ‘contentLinkInfo’ attribute for the AccessElement class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	contentLinkInfo
Data type	ContentLinkInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1..unbounded], unordered
Description	This is the pointer to the information that describes the relationships between the new alternative accessibility content and the original QTI content. An access element may also point to another access element i.e. recursive alternative content structures are possible.

3.6.2.3 ‘RelatedElementInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.75 The ‘relatedElementInfo’ attribute for the AccessElement class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	relatedElementInfo
Data type	RelatedElementInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the link to the set of alternative accessibility content definitions for associated access element.

3.6.3 ‘ContentLinkInfo’ Class Description

The PIM for the ContentLinkInfo class is shown in Figure 3.7.

Figure 3.7 ContentLinkInfo class.

Table 3.76 The ‘ContentLinkInfo’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	ContentLinkInfo
Class type	Container (Selection)
Parents	AccessElement
Children	[ apipLinkIdentifierRef, qtiIdentifierRef ], unordered [ textLink, objectLink ], selection
Description	This is the container for the information that describes how the new alternative accessibility content is linked to either the QTI content and/or another alternative accessibility content features plus either a text feature or an object feature.

3.6.3.1 ‘ApipLinkIdentifierRef’ Attribute Description

Table 3.77 The ‘apipLinkIdentifierRef’ attribute for the ContentLinkInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	apipLinkIdentifierRef
Data type	LUIDRef
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the pointer to other alternative accessibility content that has been defined in an access element definition.

3.6.3.2 ‘QtiLinkIdentifierRef’ Attribute Description

Table 3.78 The ‘qtiLinkIdentifierRef’ attribute for the ContentLinkInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	qtiLinkIdentifierRef
Data type	NormalizedString
Value space	Normalized string. Length [1-1023] characters.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the pointer to a feature within the QTI content described in the same instance file. The associated QTI structured is expected to have an ‘id’ attribute to which the value of the ‘qtiLinkIdentifierRef’ refers.

3.6.3.3 ‘textLink’ Attribute Description

Table 3.79 The ‘textLink’ attribute for the ContentLinkInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textLink
Data type	TextLink
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the text structure description to which the content link refers.

3.6.3.4 ‘ObjectLink’ Attribute Description

Table 3.80 The ‘objectLink’ attribute for the ContentLinkInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	objectLink
Data type	Empty
Value space	N/A
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the object structure to which the content links refers i.e. anything else other than a text string. The use of this pointer shows that the associated access element content is to be applied to the whole structure identified by the content link.

3.6.4 ‘TextLink’ Class Description

The PIM for the TextLink class is shown in Figure 3.7.

Table 3.81 The ‘TextLink’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	TextLink
Class type	Container (Selection)
Parents	ContentLinkInfo
Children	[ fullString, wordLink, characterLink, characterStringLink ], selection
Description	The container for the information that describes to which part of a text string the alternative accessibility content is to be applied.

3.6.4.1 ‘FullString’ Attribute Description

Table 3.82 The ‘fullString’ attribute for the TextLink class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	fullString
Data type	Empty
Value space	N/A
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is used to show that the accessibility content is an alternative to the full text string.

3.6.4.2 ‘WordLink’ Attribute Description

Table 3.83 The ‘wordLink’ attribute for the TextLink class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	wordLink
Data type	Integer
Value space	Integer [1 ≤ wordLink ≤ 9999]
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is used to show that the accessibility content is an alternative to a particular word in the text string. A word is any set of characters delineated by spaces, tabs and punctuation marks.

3.6.4.3 ‘CharacterLink’ Attribute Description

Table 3.84 The ‘characterLink’ attribute for the TextLink class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	characterLink
Data type	Integer
Value space	Integer [1 ≤ characterLink ≤ 9999]
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is used to show that the accessibility content is an alternative to a particular character (this include all spaces, tabs, punctuation marks etc.).

3.6.4.4 ‘CharacterStringLink’ Attribute Description

Table 3.85 The ‘characterStringLink’ attribute for the TextLink class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	characterStringLink
Data type	CharacterStringLink
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is used to show that the accessibility content is an alternative to a substring.

3.6.5 ‘CharacterStringLink’ Class Description

The PIM for the CharacterStringLink class is shown in Figure 3.7.

Table 3.86 The ‘CharacterStringLink’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	CharacterStringLink
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	TextLink
Children	[ startCharacter, stopCharacter ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the information that defines the substring to which the alternative accessibility content refers. This should not be used to identify strings of only one character length.

3.6.5.1 ‘StartCharacter’ Attribute Description

Table 3.87 The ‘startCharacter’ attribute for the CharacterStringLink class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	startCharacter
Data type	Integer
Value space	Integer [1 ≤ startCharacter ≤ 9999] and startCharacter < stopCharacter
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The start character for the substring (this includes specs, tabs, punctuation marks, etc.).

3.6.5.2 ‘StopCharacter’ Attribute Description

Table 3.88 The ‘stopCharacter’ attribute for the CharacterStringLink class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	stopCharacter
Data type	Integer
Value space	Integer [1 ≤ stopCharacter ≤ 9999] and stopCharacter > startCharacter
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The end character for the substring (this includes specs, tabs, punctuation marks, etc.).

3.6.6 ‘RelatedElementInfo’ Class Description

The PIM for the RelatedElementInfo class is shown in Figure 3.6.

Table 3.89 The ‘RelatedElementInfo’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	RelatedElementInfo
Class type	Container (Unordered)
Parents	AccessElement
Children	[ spoken, brailleText, tactileFile, signing, keyWordTranslation, revealAlternativeRepresentation, guidance, structuredMask, scaffold, chunk, answerReduction, keyWordEmphasis, extension ], unordered
Description	This is the container for the set of descriptions for the various types of alternative accessibility content.

3.6.6.1 ‘Spoken’ Attribute Description

Table 3.90 The ‘spoken’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	spoken
Data type	Spoken
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered using spoken formats.

3.6.6.2 ‘BrailleText’ Attribute Description

Table 3.91 The ‘brailleText’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	brailleText
Data type	BrailleText
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered using Braille text formats.

3.6.6.3 ‘TactileFile’ Attribute Description

Table 3.92 The ‘tactileFile’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	tactileFile
Data type	TactileFile
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered using tactile formats.

3.6.6.4 ‘Signing’ Attribute Description

Table 3.93 The ‘signing’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	signing
Data type	Signing
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered using signing formats.

3.6.6.5 ‘keyWordTranslation’ Attribute Description

Table 3.94 The ‘keyWordTranslation’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	keyWordTranslation
Data type	KeyWordTranslation
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered using keyword translation formats.

3.6.6.6 ‘RevealAlternativeRepresentation’ Attribute Description

Table 3.95 The ‘revealAlternativeRepresentation’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	revealAlternativeRepresentation
Data type	RevealAlternativeRepresentation
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered using a set of defined file formats.

3.6.6.7 ‘Guidance’ Attribute Description

Table 3.96 The ‘guidance’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	guidance
Data type	Guidance
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered when guidance is enabled.

3.6.6.8 ‘StructuredMask’ Attribute Description

Table 3.97 The ‘structuredMask’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	structuredMask
Data type	StructuredMask
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered when masking is enabled.

3.6.6.9 ‘Scaffold’ Attribute Description

Table 3.98 The ‘scaffold’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	scaffold
Data type	Scaffold
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered when scaffolding is enabled.

3.6.6.10 ‘Chunk’ Attribute Description

Table 3.99 The ‘chunk’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	chunk
Data type	Empty.
Value space	N/A
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered when chunking is enabled.

3.6.6.11 ‘AnswerReduction’ Attribute Description

Table 3.100 The ‘answerReduction’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	answerReduction
Data type	AnswerReduction
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The container for alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered when answer reduction is enabled.

3.6.6.12 ‘KeyWordEmphasis’ Attribute Description

Table 3.101 The ‘keyWordEmphasis’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	keyWordEmphasis
Data type	Empty
Value space	N/A
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered when highlighting is enabled.

3.6.6.13 ‘Extension’ Attribute Description

Table 3.102 The ‘extension’ attribute for the RelatedElementInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	extension
Data type	Unspecified
Value space	Defined in terms of how the Information Model is realised by a binding.
Multiplicity	[0..unbounded], unordered
Description	This is a placeholder. It informs bindings of this Information Model as to the valid locations that extend the parent class. The form of the extension is dependent on the binding.

3.6.7 ‘Spoken’ Class Description

The PIM for the Spoken class is shown in Figure 3.8.

Figure 3.8 Spoken class.

Table 3.103 The ‘Spoken’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Spoken
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ audioFileInfo, spokenText, textToSpeechPronunication ], ordered
Description	The container for the alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered using spoken formats. Audio presentation of narrative text, graphic, or other content element can be provided in two ways. For the first method, an audio file can be assigned to an element and the audio file can be played by the test delivery system. A separate audio file may be created for each content element or a portion of an audio file may be assigned to a content element. For the second method, a text-to-speech tool may be used to present an audio representation of the element. Standard text-to-speech read aloud requires the item writer to specify the text that is to be presented by the text-to-speech tool.

3.6.7.1 ‘AudioFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.104 The ‘audioFileInfo’ attribute for the Spoken class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	audioFileInfo
Data type	AudioFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..*]
Description	This points to the audio file that is to be played for the spoken format rendering.

3.6.7.2 ‘SpokenText’ Attribute Description

Table 3.105 The ‘spokenText’ attribute for the Spoken class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	spokenText
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the text string that is to be converted to the equivalent audio format using a text-to-speech tool.

3.6.7.3 ‘TextToSpeechPronunciation’ Attribute Description

Table 3.106 The ‘textToSpeechPronunciation’ attribute for the Spoken class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textToSpeechPronunciation
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the text string that is to be converted to the equivalent audio format using a text-to-speech tool. The text is structured to provide explicit pronunciation guidance.

3.6.8 ‘BrailleText’ Class Description

The PIM for the BrailleText class is shown in Figure 3.9.

Figure 3.9 BrailleText class.

Table 3.107 The ‘BrailleText’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	BrailleText
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ brailleTextString ]
Description	The container for the alternative accessibility content that is to be rendered using Braille text formats. Output to a refreshable Braille display presents the examinee with a Braille representation of text-based content. Braille display requires the item writer to define elements to which a Braille representation is assigned.

3.6.8.1 ‘BrailleTextString’ Attribute Description

Table 3.108 The ‘brailleTextString’ attribute for the BrailleText class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	brailleTextString
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The text string that is to be rendered in Braille. Each text block is also assigned a tab order in the non-visual inclusion order. The Braille display launches automatically when the examinee first encounters an item and transfers the Braille representation for the first element to the refreshable Braille display. The examinee may tab/navigate through the content and have the associated Braille representations transferred to the refreshable Braille display.

3.6.9 ‘TactileFile’ Class Description

The PIM for the TactileFile class is shown in Figure 3.10.

Figure 3.10 TactileFile class.

Table 3.109 The ‘TactileFile’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	TactileFile
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElememtInfo
Children	[ tactileAudioFile, tactileAudioText, tactileBrailleText ], ordered
Description	The container for the alternative accessibility content to be rendered using tactile formats. For some graphic content, a tactile representation provides better access for some students than does an audio or Braille description. When a hard copy tactile representation is employed to provide access to graphic content, the ‘tactileFile’ description indicates to the test delivery system that a tactile representation is available. To alert the examinee that a tactile representation is available, the test delivery system will present an audio cue that refers to the associated hard copy tactile representation.

3.6.9.1 ‘TactileAudioFile’ Attribute Description

Table 3.110 The ‘tactileAudioFile’ attribute for the TactileFile class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	tactileAudioFile
Data type	AudioFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the audio file that is associated with the tactile description. Depending on the student access profile, the test delivery system may also provide a description of the tactile representation in audio form.

3.6.9.2 ‘TactileAudioText’ Attribute Description

Table 3.111 The ‘tactileAudioText’ attribute for the TactileFile class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	tactileAudioText
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is a text string description equivalent of the information that is to be presented in the tactile file. This can be rendered using a text-to-speech tool.

3.6.9.3 ‘TactileBrailleText’ Attribute Description

Table 3.112 The ‘tactileBrailleText’ attribute for the TactileFile class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	tactileBrailleText
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is a Braille text string description equivalent of the information that is to be presented in the tactile file. This can be rendered using a Braille display.

3.6.10 ‘Signing’ Class Description

The PIM for the Signing class is shown in Figure 3.12.

Figure 3.12 Signing class.

Table 3.113 The ‘Signing’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Signing
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ signFileASL, signFileSignedEnglish ], ordered
Description	The container for the alternative accessibility content to be rendered using sign language formats. For students who communicate in sign, access to item content may require the content to be presented in either American Sign Language or in another signed English representation. A signed presentation may be assigned to any accessibility element.

3.6.10.1 ‘SignFileASL’ Attribute Description

Table 3.114 The ‘signFileASL’ attribute for the Signing class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	signFileASL
Data type	SignFileASL
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	For the information about the ASL based signing.

3.6.10.2 ‘SignFileSignedEnglish’ Attribute Description

Table 3.115 The ‘signFileSignedEnglish’ attribute for the Signing class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	signFileSignedEnglish
Data type	SignFileSignedEnglish
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	For the information about the Signed English based signing.

3.6.11 ‘SignFile’ Class Description

The PIM for the SignFile class is shown in Figure 3.12.

Table 3.116 The ‘SignFile’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	SignFile
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Signing
Children	[ videoFileInfo, boneAnimationVideoFile ], ordered
Description	The container for the alternative accessibility content to be rendered using sign language formats. The signing can be supplied as video and bone animation files.

3.6.11.1 ‘VideoFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.117 The ‘videoFileInfo’ attribute for the SignFile class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	videoFileInfo
Data type	VideoFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the pointer to the video file that contains the associate signing. A separate video file or a portion of a video file may be assigned to each accessibility element.

3.6.11.2 ‘BoneAnimationVideoFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.118 The ‘boneAnimationVideoFileInfo’ attribute for the SignFile class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	boneAnimationVideoFileInfo
Data type	ObectFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the pointer to the bone animation video file that contains the associate signing. Bone animation scripts allow a bone animation player to present an animated representation of signed presentation of the accessibility element. Bone animation players render video images using an avatar. Alternatively, a pre-recorded video file may be used to present a signed representation of the accessibility

3.6.12 ‘KeyWordTranslation’ Class Description

The PIM for the KeyWordTranslation class is shown in Figure 3.13.

Figure 3.13 KeyWordTranslation class.

Table 3.119 The ‘KeyWordTranslation’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	KeyWordTranslation
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ definitionId ], unordered
Description	The container for the alternative accessibility content to be rendered using keyword translation formats. An examinee for whom the default language used to represent item content is different than the examinee’s native language may require specific key words to be translated to another language. This attribute indicates that a translated representation of the associated accessibility element should be provided to examinees whose Examine Accessibility Information profile specifies key word translation.

3.6.12.1 ‘DefinitionId’ Attribute Description

Table 3.120 The ‘definitionId’ attribute for the KeyWordTranslation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	definitionId
Data type	DefinitionId
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1..unbounded]
Description	When a key word translation is accessed by the examinee, the ‘definitionId’ is used to determine the proper definition of the key word that is to be translated. The ‘definitionId’ is then used to locate the associated translation of the word and to present that translation in text-based form.

3.6.13 ‘DefinitionId’ Class Description

The PIM for the DefinitionId class is shown in Figure 3.13.

Table 3.121 The ‘DefinitionId’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	DefinitionId
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	KeyWordTranslation
Children	[ language, textString ], ordered
Description	The container for the information to be used to achieve keyword translation.

3.6.13.1 ‘Language’ Attribute Description

Table 3.122 The ‘language’ attribute for the DefinitionId class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	language
Data type	Language
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the language for the keyword translation.

3.6.13.2 ‘TextString’ Attribute Description

Table 3.123 The ‘textString’ attribute for the DefinitionId class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textString
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The translated text string for the keyword.

3.6.14 ‘RevealAlternativeRepresentation’ Class Description

The PIM for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class is shown in Figure 3.14.

Figure 3.14 RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Table 3.124 The ‘RevealAlternativeRepresentation’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	RevealAlternativeRepresentation
Class type	Container (Selection)
Parents	[ RelatedElementInfo ]
Children	[ audioFileInfo, videoFileInfo, graphicFileInfo, textFileInfo, textString, markupFileInfo, markupFileEmbedded, executableFileInfo, extensions ], selected
Description	The container for the alternative accessibility content to be rendered using various alternative formats. It allows a student to access to an alternate representation for a specific object contained in an item. As a few examples, a bar chart may be substituted for a table presenting frequency counts, an animation may be substituted for a figure depicting a life cycle, or narrative text may be substituted for information presented in figure or chart. In all cases, this provides to the test delivery system the filename that contains an alternate representation for a given object that is then displayed as supplemental information for the examinee. The alternate representation is displayed on-demand by the student.

3.6.14.1 ‘AudioFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.125 The ‘audioFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	audioFileInfo
Data type	AudioFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the audio file that can be used as the rendering of the alternative representation.

3.6.14.2 ‘VideoFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.126 The ‘videoFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	videoFileInfo
Data type	VideoFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the video file that can be used as the rendering of the alternative representation.

3.6.14.3 ‘GraphicFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.127 The ‘graphicFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	graphicFileInfo
Data type	ObjectFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the image file that can be used as the rendering of the alternative representation.

3.6.14.4 ‘textFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.128 The ‘textFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textFileInfo
Data type	ObjectFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the text file that can be used as the rendering of the alternative representation.

3.6.14.5 ‘textString’ Attribute Description

Table 3.129 The ‘textString’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textString
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	0..1
Description	The pointer to the text string that can be used as the rendering of the alternative representation.

3.6.14.6 ‘MarkupFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.130 The ‘markupFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	markupFileInfo
Data type	ObjectFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the external mark-up file that can be used as the rendering of the alternative representation. The form of mark-up is undefined i.e. it could be HTML, XML, etc.

3.6.14.7 ‘MarkupFileEmbedded’ Attribute Description

Table 3.131 The ‘MarkupFileEmbedded’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	markupFileEmbedded
Data type	MarkupFileEmbedded
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the pointer to the mark-up information that is embedded within the QTI instance file (this is expected to take the form of an XML namespace extension).

3.6.14.8 ‘ExecutableFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.132 The ‘executableFileInfo’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	executableFileInfo
Data type	ObjectFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer to the external flash file that can be used as the rendering of the alternative representation.

3.6.14.9 ‘Extension’ Attribute Description

Table 3.133 The ‘extension’ attribute for the RevealAlternativeRepresentation class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	extension
Data type	Unspecified
Value space	Defined in terms of how the Information Model is realised by a binding.
Multiplicity	[0..unbounded], unordered
Description	This is a placeholder. It informs bindings of this Information Model as to the valid locations that extend the parent class. The form of the extension is dependent on the binding.

3.6.15 ‘MarkupFileEmbedded’ Class Description

The PIM for the MarkupFileEmbedded class is shown in Figure 3.14.

Table 3.134 The ‘MarkupFileEmbedded’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	MarkupFileEmbedded
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RevealAlternativeRepresentation
Children	[ extensions ], ordered
Description	This is a placeholder for any embedded mark-up language e.g. HTML, etc. It informs bindings of this Information Model as to the valid locations that extend the parent class.

3.6.15.1 ‘Extensions’ Attribute Description

Table 3.135 The ‘extension’ attribute for the MarkupFileEmbedded class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	extensions
Data type	Unspecified
Value space	Defined in terms of how the Information Model is realised by a binding.
Multiplicity	[0..unbounded], unordered
Description	This is a placeholder. It informs bindings of this Information Model as to the valid locations that extend the parent class. The form of the extension is dependent on the binding.

3.6.16 ‘Guidance’ Class Description

The PIM for the Guidance class is shown in Figure 3.15.

Figure 3.15 Guidance class.

Table 3.136 The ‘Guidance’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Guidance
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ langageLearnerSupport, cognitiveGuidanceSupport ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the instructions on how to render information that is subjected to guidance. This is used for students who require assistance identifying the key components of an item; guidance presents additional information or cues to the examinee.

3.6.16.1 ‘LangageLearnerSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.137 The ‘langageLearnerSupport’ attribute for the Guidance class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	langageLearnerSupport
Data type	Container (Sequence)
Value space	LangageLearnerSupport
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Defines the nature of the guidance available for language learners.

3.6.16.2 ‘CognitiveGuidanceSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.138 The ‘cognitveGuidanceSupport’ attribute for the Guidance class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	cognitveGuidanceSupport
Data type	Container (Sequence)
Value space	LangageLearnerSupport
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Defines the nature of the cognitive guidance available.

3.6.17 ‘GuidanceSupport’ Class Description

The PIM for the GuidanceSupport class is shown in Figure 3.15.

Table 3.139 The ‘GuidanceSupport’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	GuidanceSupport
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ supportOrder, textString ], ordered
Description	Guidance is applied to item content and specifies to the test delivery system both the additional information that is to be displayed for the examinee and the content with which the guidance is associated. When the item is presented on screen, the test delivery system may automatically display guidance associated with the item or may display guidance on-demand, depending on the specifications provided in the student access profile.

3.6.17.1 ‘SupportOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.140 The ‘supportOrder’ attribute for the GuidanceSupport class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	supportOrder
Data type	Integer
Value space	1 ≤ supportOrder ≤ 2047
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the order for the associated guidance presentation.

3.6.17.2 ‘TextString’ Attribute Description

Table 3.141 The ‘textString’ attribute for the GuidanceSupport class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textString
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the pointer to the text string that is available as a note associated with the guidance.

3.6.18 ‘StructuredMask’ Class Description

The PIM for the StructuredMask class is shown in Figure 3.16.

Figure 3.16 StructuredMask class.

Table 3.142 The ‘StructuredMask’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	StructuredMask
Class type	Container (Selection)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ revealOrder, answerOption ], selected
Description	This is the container for the information about how a structured mask is to be applied to the content to be rendered. For students who require assistance maintaining focus, masking may be used to display smaller blocks of information. Structured masking is used to assist the student in developing an understanding of an item by masking specific elements of the item and revealing them in a prescribed order. A separate structured mask tag is applied to each item content structure and the order of revelation for each piece of content is specified for each mask.

3.6.18.1 ‘RevealOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.143 The ‘revealOrder’ attribute for the StructuredMask class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	revealOrder
Data type	Integer
Value space	1 ≤ revealOrder ≤ 2047
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The order of revelation for the associated masked object.

3.6.18.2 ‘AnswerOption’ Attribute Description

Table 3.144 The ‘answerOption’ attribute for the StructuredMask class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	answerOption
Data type	Boolean
Value space	Enumerated: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines whether or not the answer option is to be masked. Answer options are included in structured mask by default, and should be ordered last. The value ‘true’ denotes that the answer options should be masked.

3.6.19 ‘Scaffold’ Class Description

The PIM for the Scaffold class is shown in Figure 3.17.

Figure 3.17 Scaffold class.

Table 3.145 The ‘Scaffold’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Scaffold
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ revealOrder, scaffoldBehavior ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the information that can have scaffolding used to support its rendering. For students who require a high level of support processing information presented in an item and who may require assistance maintaining focus, scaffolding is designed to walk a student through an item element by element with additional support provided. Scaffolding combines elements of flagging and masking. Like structured masking, scaffolding applies a mask to specific item content and specifies the order in which a mask is to be revealed. Like flagging, scaffolding associates additional information with item content.

3.6.19.1 ‘RevealOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.146 The ‘revealOrder’ attribute for the Scaffold class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	revealOrder
Data type	Integer
Value space	1 ≤ revealOrder ≤ 2047
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The order of revelation.

3.6.19.2 ‘ScaffoldBehavior’ Attribute Description

Table 3.147 The ‘scaffoldBehavior’ attribute for the Scaffold class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	scaffoldBehavior
Data type	ScaffoldBehavior
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the pointer to the information that describes the behavior of the scaffolding to be used to support the rendering of the alternative content.

3.6.20 ‘ScaffoldBehavior’ Class Description

The PIM for the ScaffoldBehavior class is shown in Figure 3.17.

Table 3.148 The ‘ScaffoldBehavior’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	ScaffoldBehavior
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Scaffold
Children	[ audioFileInfo, textString, spokenText ], ordered
Description	The container for the scaffolding behavior.

3.6.20.1 ‘AudioFileInfo’ Attribute Description

Table 3.149 The ‘audioFileInfo’ attribute for the ScaffoldBehavior class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	audioFileInfo
Data type	AudioFileInfo
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The pointer for the audio file that can be played as part of the scaffolding activity.

3.6.20.2 ‘TextString’ Attribute Description

Table 3.150 The ‘textString’ attribute for the ScaffoldBehavior class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textString
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The text string that can be played as part of the scaffolding activity.

3.6.20.3 ‘SpokenText’ Attribute Description

Table 3.151 The ‘spokenText’ attribute for the ScaffoldBehavior class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	spokenText
Data type	LabelledString
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the text that is to be presented in audio format by a text-to-speech tool.

3.6.21 ‘AnswerReduction’ Class Description

The PIM for the AnswerReduction class is shown in Figure 3.18.

Figure 3.18 AnswerReduction class.

Table 3.152 The ‘AnswerReduction’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	AnswerReduction
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	RelatedElementInfo
Children	[ removeTagGroup ], unordered
Description	This is the container for the instructions on how to perform answer reduction. This reduces the number of answer options displayed for a forced choice item. Often, the answer option that is removed is the least discriminating option. When the Examine Accessibility Information profile specifies reduced answer options, the test delivery system will remove any answer option to which the remove option tag is applied. Only those options to which the remove option tag has NOT been applied will be displayed to the student

3.6.21.1 ‘RemoveTagGroup’ Attribute Description

Table 3.153 The ‘removeTagGroup’ attribute for the AnswerReduction class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	removeTagGroup
Data type	RemoveTagGroup
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[1..unbounded], unordered
Description	The set of information about the group of remove tag instructions for the answer reduction activity.

3.6.22 ‘RemoveTagGroup’ Class Description

The PIM for the RemoveTagGroup class is shown in Figure 3.18.

Table 3.154 The ‘RemoveTagGroup’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	RemoveTagGroup
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	AnswerReduction
Children	[ removeTagGroupOrder, removeTagIdRef ], ordered
Description	This is the container for a remove tag group.

3.6.22.1 ‘RemoveTagGroupOrder’ Attribute Description

Table 3.155 The ‘removeTagGroupOrder’ attribute for the RemoveTagGroup class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	removeTagGroupOrder
Data type	Integer
Value space	1 ≤ removeTagGroup ≤ 2047
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The order in which the removal should be applied.

3.6.22.2 ‘RemoveTagIdRef’ Attribute Description

Table 3.156 The ‘removeTagIdRef’ attribute for the RemoveTagGroup class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	removeTagIdRef
Data type	NormalizedString
Value space	Normalized string. Length [1-4095] characters.
Multiplicity	[1..unbounded]
Description	The set of identifiers that are used to identify the objects to be removed.

3.6.23 ‘LabelledString’ Class Description

The PIM for the LabelledString class is shown in Figure 3.19.

Figure 3.19 LabelledString class.

Table 3.157 The ‘LabelledString’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	LabelledString
Class type	String
Parents	Various
Children	[ contentLinkIdentifier ]
Description	This is the container for a labelled string. This is a string that has an allocated content link identifier i.e. it can also have alternative accessibility content instructions assigned to it.

3.6.23.1 ‘ContentLinkIdentifier’ Attribute Description

Table 3.158 The ‘contentLinkIdentifier’ attribute for the LabelledString class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	contentLinkIdentifier
Data type	LUID
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the locally unique identifier for the associated string. This is the identifier to be referenced by other alternative accessibility content structures.

3.6.24 ‘AudioFileInfo’ Class Description

The PIM for the AudioFileInfo class is shown in Figure 3.20.

Figure 3.20 AudioFileInfo class.

Table 3.159 The ‘AudioFileInfo’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	AudioFileInfo
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Various
Children	[ contentLinkIdentifier, mimeType, voiceType, voiceSpeed, fileHref, startTime, duration ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the formation about an audio file.

3.6.24.1 ‘ContentLinkIdentifier’ Attribute Description

Table 3.160 The ‘contentLinkIdentifier’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	contentLinkIdentifier
Data type	LUID
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the locally unique identifier for the associated audio file. This is the identifier to be referenced by other alternative accessibility content structures.

3.6.24.2 ‘MimeType’ Attribute Description

Table 3.161 The ‘mimeType’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	mimeType
Data type	NormalizedString
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the mime-type of the associated audio file.

3.6.24.3 ‘FileHref’ Attribute Description

Table 3.162 The ‘fileHref’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	fileHref
Data type	FileHref
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the link to the file itself. The form of the link depends upon the actual binding realisation.

3.6.24.4 ‘VoiceType’ Attribute Description

Table 3.163 The ‘voiceType’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	voiceType
Data type	Enumerated
Value space	Enumeration of: { Human \| Synthetic }. Default=Synthetic.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is used to define the type of voice to be used to support the audioFile.

3.6.24.5 ‘VoiceSpeed’ Attribute Description

Table 3.164 The ‘voiceSpeed’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	voiceSpeed
Data type	Enumerated
Value space	Enumeration of: { Slow \| Standard \| Fast }. Default=Standard.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is used to define the speed of speech for the voice to be used to support the audioFile.

3.6.24.6 ‘StartTime’ Attribute Description

Table 3.165 The ‘startTime’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	startTime
Data type	Time
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the start point in the audio file that is to be used for the associated rendering (this allows a single audio file to be reused). If absent the start time is at the start of the file.

3.6.24.7 ‘Duration’ Attribute Description

Table 3.166 The ‘duration’ attribute for the AudioFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	duration
Data type	Time
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the duration of the audio clip that is to be presented. If absent the duration is the full length of the audio clip contained in the file.

3.6.25 ‘VideoFileInfo’ Class Description

The PIM for the VideoFileInfo class is shown in Figure 3.21.

Figure 3.21 VideoFileInfo class.

Table 3.167 The ‘VideoFileInfo’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	VideoFileName
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Various
Children	[ contentLinkIdentifier, mimeType, fileHref, startCue, stopCue ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the formation about a video file.

3.6.25.1 ‘ContentLinkIdentifier’ Attribute Description

Table 3.168 The ‘contentLinkIdentifier’ attribute for the VideoFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	contentLinkIdentifier
Data type	LUID
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the locally unique identifier for the associated video file. This is the identifier to be referenced by other alternative accessibility content structures.

3.6.25.2 ‘MimeType’ Attribute Description

Table 3.169 The ‘mimeType’ attribute for the VideoFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	mimeType
Data type	NormalizedString
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the mime-type of the associated video file.

3.6.25.3 ‘FileHref’ Attribute Description

Table 3.170 The ‘fileHref’ attribute for the VideoFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	fileHref
Data type	FileHref
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the link to the file itself. The form of the link depends upon the actual binding realisation.

3.6.25.4 ‘StartCue’ Attribute Description

Table 3.171 The ‘startCue’ attribute for the VideoFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	startCue
Data type	Time
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the start point in the video file that is to be used for the associated rendering (this allows a single video file to be reused). If absent the start time is at the start of the file.

3.6.25.5 ‘EndCue’ Attribute Description

Table 3.172 The ‘endCue’ attribute for the VideoFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	endCue
Data type	Time
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the end point in the video file that is to be used for the associated rendering (this allows a single video file to be reused). If absent the end time is at the end of the file.

3.6.26 ‘ObjectFileInfo’ Class Description

The PIM for the ObjectFileInfo class is shown in Figure 3.22.

Figure 3.22 ObjectFileInfo class.

Table 3.173 The ‘ObjectFileInfo’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	ObjectFleInfo
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	Various
Children	[ contentLinkIdentifier, mimeType, fileHref ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the formation about the object file.

3.6.26.1 ‘ContentLinkIdentifier’ Attribute Description

Table 3.174 The ‘contentLinkIdentifier’ attribute for the ObjectFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	contentLinkIdentifier
Data type	LUID
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the locally unique identifier for the associated object file. This is the identifier to be referenced by other alternative accessibility content structures.

3.6.26.2 ‘MimeType’ Attribute Description

Table 3.175 The ‘mimeType’ attribute for the ObjectFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	mimeType
Data type	NormalizedString
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the mime-type of the associated object file.

3.6.26.3 ‘FileHref’ Attribute Description

Table 3.176 The ‘fileHref’ attribute for the ObjectFileInfo class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	fileHref
Data type	FileHref
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	This is the link to the file itself. The form of the link depends upon the actual binding realisation.

4 QTI Extension Binding Description

4.1 Platform Specific Model Representation

The Platform Specific Models (PSMs) for the APIP QTI extensions are shown in Figures:

4.1 APIP Accessibility Root;

4.2 APIP Companion materials information;

4.3 APIP Inclusion order;

4.4 APIP Accessibility information;

4.5 APIP Content link information;

4.6 APIP Audio-based accessibility information;

4.7 APIP Non-audio-based accessibility information.

Figure 4.1 APIP accessibility root PSM.

Figure 4.2 APIP Companion materials information PSM.

Figure 4.3 APIP inclusion order PSM.

Figure 4.4 APIP accessibility information PSM.

Figure 4.5 APIP content link information PSM.

Figure 4.6 APIP audio-based accessibility information PSM.

Figure 4.7 APIP non-audio-based accessibility information PSM.

4.2 Information Model to PMS to XSD Mappings

For the APIP QTI Extensions the mapping between the PIM (Information Model in Section 3) and PSM binding representation (Section 4.1) is detailed in Table 4.1. The key to Table 4.1 is:

· The ‘PSM Reference’ field refers to information in the PSM description (Section 4.1 in this document). The sub-fields are:

— Name – the name of the data structure in the PSM and PIM

— UML Type – the type of UML construct i.e. either Class or Attribute

— Figure – the reference Figure number in this document;

· The ‘PIM Reference’ field refers to the Information Model (Section 3). The sub-fields are:

— Type – the type of the data structure in the Information Model

— Table – the reference number of Tabular description in the corresponding Information Model document;

· The 'XSD Reference' field refers to information in the XSD descriptions (Section 4.1 in this document). The sub-fields are:

— Name – the name of the field in the XSD(s)

— Type – the type of XSD construct i.e. either a ComplexType or Element. In the case of a ComplexType there are two sub-divisions of sequence, ComplexType (S), choice, ComplexType (C) and unordered, ComplexType (U).

PSM (Binding) Reference			PIM (Information) Reference		XSD Reference
Name	UML Type	Figure	Type	Table	Name	Type
AssessmentItem	Class	–	–	See [APIP, 12b]	–	–
RubricBlock	Class	–	–	See [APIP, 12b]	–	–
FeedbackBlock	Class	–	–	See [APIP, 12b]	–	–
TemplateBlock	Class	–	–	See [APIP, 12b]	–	–
· apipIAccessibility	Attribute	4.1	APIPAccessibility	3.2	apipAccessibility	Element
APIPAccessibility	Class	4.1	–	3.3	APIPAccessibility.Type	ComplexType (S)
· companionMaterialsInfo	Attribute	4.1	CompanionMaterialsInfo	3.4	companionMaterialsInfo	Element
· inclusionOrder	Attribute	4.1	InclusionOrder	3.5	inclusionOrder	Element
· accessibilityInfo	Attribute	4.1	AccessibilityInfo	3.6	accessibilityInfo	Element
· extensions	Attribute	4.1	Unspecified	3.7	Namespace Extension Group	Namespace
CompanionMaterialsInfo	Class	4.2	–	3.8	CompanionMaterialsInfo.Type	ComplexType (U)
· calculator	Attribute	4.2	Calculator	3.9	calculator	Element
· rule	Attribute	4.2	Rule	3.10	rule	Element
· protractor	Attribute	4.2	Protractor	3.11	protractor	Element
· digitalMaterial	Attribute	4.2	ItemFileInfo	3.12	digitalMaterial	Element
· physicalMaterial	Attribute	4.2	NormalizedString	3.13	physicalMaterial	Element
· readingPassage	Attribute	4.2	ItemFileInfo	3.14	readingPassage	Element
· extensions	Attribute	4.1	Unspecified	3.15	Namespace Extension Group	Namespace
Calculator	Class	4.2	–	3.16	Calculator.Type	ComplexType (S)
· description	Attribute	4.2	NormalizedString	3.17	description	Element
· calculatorInfo	Attribute	4.2	ItemFileInfo	3.18	calculatorInfo	Element
Rule	Class	4.2	–	3.22	Rule.Type	ComplexType (S)
· description	Attribute	4.2	NormalizedString	3.23	description	Element
· ruleSystemSI	Attribute	4.2	SIRuleSystem	3.24	ruleSystemSI	Element
· ruleSystemUS	Attribute	4.2	USRuleSystem	3.25	ruleSyetmUS	Element
SIRuleSystem	Class	4.2	–	3.26	SIRuleSystem.Type	ComplexType (S)
· minimumLength	Attribute	4.2	Integer	3.27	length	Element
· minorIncrement	Attribute	4.2	SILinearValue	3.28	minorIncrement	Element
· majorIncrement	Attribute	4.2	SILinearValue	3.29	majorIncrement	Element
SILinearValue	Class	4.2	Decimal	3.30	SILinearValue.Type	ComplexType (S)
· unit	Attribute	4.2	Enumerated	3.31	unit	Attribute
USRuleSystem	Class	4.2	–	3.32	USRuleSystem.Type	ComplexType (S)
· minimumLength	Attribute	4.2	Integer	3.33	length	Element
· minorIncrement	Attribute	4.2	USLinearValue	3.34	minorIncrement	Element
· majorIncrement	Attribute	4.2	USLinearValue	3.35	majorIncrement	Element
USLinearValue	Class	4.2	Decimal	3.36	USLinearValue.Type	ComplexType (S)
· unit	Attribute	4.2	Enumerated	3.37	unit	Attribute
Protractor	Class	4.2	–	3.38	Protractor.Type	ComplexType
· description	Attribute	4.2	NormalizedString	3.39	description	Element
· incrementSI	Attribute	4.2	IncrementSI	3.40	incrementSI	Element
· incrementUS	Attribute	4.2	IncrementUS	3.41	incrementUS	Element
IncrementUS	Class	4.2	–	3.42	Protractor.Type	ComplexType
· minorIncrement	Attribute	4.2	RadialUSValue	3.43	minorIncrement	Element
· majorIncrement	Attribute	4.2	RadialUSValue	3.44	majorIncrement	Element
RadialUSValue	Class	4.2	Decimal	3.45	RadialUSValue.Type	ComplexType (S)
· unit	Attribute	4.2	Enumerated	3.46	unit	Attribute
IncrementSI	Class	4.2	–	3.47	Protractor.Type	ComplexType
· minorIncrement	Attribute	4.2	RadialSIValue	3.48	minorIncrement	Element
· majorIncrement	Attribute	4.2	RadialSIValue	3.49	majorIncrement	Element
RadialSIValue	Class	4.2	Decimal	3.50	RadialUSValue.Type	ComplexType (S)
· unit	Attribute	4.2	Enumerated	3.51	unit	Attribute
ItemFileInfo	Class	4.2	–	3.20	ItemFileInfo.Type	ComplexType (S)
· fileHref	Attribute	4.2	FileHref	3.21	fileHref	Element
InclusionOrder	Class	4.3	–	3.52	InclusionOrder.Type	ComplexType (U)
· brailleDefaultOrder	Attribute	4.3	ElementOrderList	3.53	textOnlyDefaultOrder	Element
· textOnlyDefaultOrder	Attribute	4.3	ElementOrderList	3.54	textOnlyDefaultOrder	Element
· textOnlyOnDemandOrder	Attribute	4.3	ElementOrderList	3.55	textOnlyOnDemandOrder	Element
· textGraphicsDefaultOrder	Attribute	4.3	ElementOrderList	3.56	textGraphicsDefaultOrder	Element
· textGraphicsOnDemandOrder	Attribute	4.3	ElementOrderList	3.57	textGraphicsOnDemandOrder	Element
· graphicsOnlyOnDemandOrder	Attribute	4.3	ElementOrderList	3.58	graphicsOnlyOnDemandOrder	Element
· nonVisualDefaultOrder	Attribute	4.3	ElementOrderList	3.59	nonVisualDefaultOrder	Element
· aslDefaultOrder	Attribute	4.3	ElementOrderList	3.60	aslDefaultOrder	Element
· aslOnDemandOrder	Attribute	4.3	ElementOrderList	3.61	aslOnDemandOrder	Element
· signedEnglishDefaultOrder	Attribute	4.3	ElementOrderList	3.62	signedEnglishDefaultOrder	Element
· signedEnglishOnDemandOrder