IMS Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP) Technical Specification for AfA PNPv2.0 Features Version 1.0

Candidate Final
Version 1.0

Date Issued: 26 March 2012

Latest version: http://www.imsglobal.org/apip/

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Public contributions, comments and questions can be posted here: http://www.imsglobal.org/community/forum/categories.cfm?catid=110

List of Figures. 4

List of Tables. 5

1 Introduction.. 10

1.1 Scope and Context 10

1.2 Structure of this Document 10

1.3 Related Documents. 10

1.4 Acronyms. 11

2 New Features Required by APIP.. 12

2.1 Information Model 12

2.2 Binding. 12

3 AfA PNP Information Model Extension.. 14

3.1 APIPContent Class. 14

3.1.1 ‘LearnerLanguage’ Attribute Description. 15

3.1.2 ‘CognitiveGuidance’ Attribute Description. 16

3.1.3 ‘Scaffolding’ Attribute Description. 16

3.1.4 ‘Chunking’ Attribute Description. 17

3.1.5 ‘KeywordEmphasis’ Attribute Description. 17

3.1.6 ‘ReducedAnswers’ Attribute Description. 18

3.1.7 ‘NegativesRemoved’ Attribute Description. 18

3.1.8 ‘AlternativeRepresentations’ Attribute Description. 19

3.1.9 ‘KeywordTranslations’ Attribute Description. 19

3.1.10 ‘ItemTranslationDisplay’ Attribute Description. 20

3.1.11 ‘Signing’ Attribute Description . 20

3.1.12 ‘Spoken’ Attribute Description. 21

3.1.13 ‘SimplifiedLanguage’ Attribute Description. 21

3.1.14 ‘LanguageLearner’ Class Description. 22

3.1.15 ‘CognitiveGuidance’ Class Description. 23

3.1.16 ‘Scaffolding’ Class Description . 25

3.1.17 ‘Chunking’ Class Description. 26

3.1.18 ‘KeywordEmphasis’ Class Description. 28

3.1.19 ‘ReducedAnswers’ Class Description. 29

3.1.20 ‘NegativesRemoved’ Class Description. 31

3.1.21 ‘KeywordTranslations’ Class Description. 32

3.1.22 ‘ItemTranslationDisplay’ Class Description. 34

3.1.23 ‘Signing’ Class Description. 36

3.1.24 ‘SimplifiedLanguage’ Class Description. 38

3.1.25 ‘AlternativeRepresentations’ Class Description. 40

3.1.26 ‘Spoken’ Class Description. 43

3.2 APIPDisplay Class. 49

3.2.2 ‘Masking’Attribute Description. 51

3.2.3 ‘Encouragement’ Attribute Description. 52

3.2.4 ‘AuditoryBackground’ Attribute Description. 52

3.2.5 ‘Masking’ Class Description. 53

3.2.6 ‘Encouragement’ Class Description. 55

3.2.7 ‘AuditoryBackground’ Attribute Description. 57

3.3 APIPControl Class. 59

3.3.1 ‘Breaks’ Attribute Description. 60

3.3.2 ‘AdditionalTestingTime’ Attribute Description. 60

3.3.3 ‘LineReader’ Attribute Description. 61

3.3.4 ‘Breaks’ Class Description. 61

3.3.5 ‘AdditionalTestingTime’ Class Description. 62

3.3.6 ‘LineReaderUse’ Class Description. 64

3.4 APIPScreenEnhancement Class. 66

3.4.1 ‘IncreasedWhiteSpacing’ Attribute Description. 67

3.4.2 ‘ColourOverlay’ Attribute Description. 68

3.4.3 ‘ForegroundColour’ Attribute Description. 68

3.4.4 ‘BackgroundColour’ Attribute Description. 69

3.4.5 ‘InvertColourChoice’ Attribute Description. 69

3.4.6 ‘Magnification’ Attribute Description. 70

3.4.7 ‘IncreasedWhiteSpacing’ Class Description. 70

3.4.8 ‘IncreasedWhiteSpacingType’ Class Description. 72

3.4.9 ‘ColourOverlay’ Class Description. 74

3.4.10 ‘ForegroundColour’ Class Description. 76

3.4.11 ‘BackgroundColour’ Class Description. 78

3.4.12 ‘InvertColouChoice’ Class Description. 80

3.4.13 ‘Magnification’ Class Description. 82

4 AfA PNP Extension Binding Description.. 84

4.1 Platform Specific Model Representation. 84

4.2 Information Model to PMS to XSD Mappings. 90

4.3 XSD Listing. 100

Appendix A The IMS UML Profile Notation.. 101

About this Document.. 104

List of Contributors. 105

Revision History.. 106

List of Figures

Figure 2.1 Schematic representation of the relationship between the original and new features. 13

Figure 3.1 APIPContent class. 14

Figure 3.2 AlternativeRepresentations class. 40

Figure 3.3 Spoken class. 43

Figure 3.4 APIPDisplay class. 49

Figure 3.5 APIPControl class. 59

Figure 3.6 APIPScreenEnhancement class. 66

Figure 4.1 APIP AFA PNP extension root PSM. 84

Figure 4.2 APIP content PSM. 85

Figure 4.3 APIP content alternative representations PSM. 86

Figure 4.4 APIP content spoken PSM. 87

Figure 4.5 APIP control PSM. 87

Figure 4.6 APIP display PSM. 88

Figure 4.7 APIP screen enhancement PSM. 89

Figure 4.8 Data-types PSM. 90

List of Tables

Table 3.1 The ‘APIPContent’ class. 15

Table 3.2 The ‘learnerLanguage’ attribute for the APIPContent class. 15

Table 3.3 The ‘cognitiveGuidance’ attribute for the APIPContent class. 16

Table 3.4 The ‘scaffolding’ attribute for the APIPContent class. 16

Table 3.5 The ‘chunking’ attribute for the APIPContent class. 17

Table 3.6 The ‘keywordEmphasis’ attribute for the APIPContent class. 17

Table 3.7 The ‘reducedAnswers’ attribute for the APIPContent class. 18

Table 3.8 The ‘negativesRemoved’ attribute for the APIPContent class. 18

Table 3.9 The ‘alternativeRepresentations’ attribute for the APIPContent class. 19

Table 3.10 The ‘keywordTranslations’ attribute for the APIPContent class. 19

Table 3.11 The ‘itemTranslationDisplay’ attribute for the APIPContent class. 20

Table 3.12 The ‘signing’ attribute for the APIPContent class. 20

Table 3.13 The ‘spoken’ attribute for the APIPContent class. 21

Table 3.14 The ‘simplifiedLanguage’ attribute for the APIPContent class. 21

Table 3.15 The ‘LearnerLanguage’ class. 22

Table 3.16 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the LearnerLanguage class. 22

Table 3.17 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the LearnerLanguage class. 23

Table 3.18 The ‘CognitiveGuidance’ class. 23

Table 3.19 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the CognitiveGuidance class. 24

Table 3.20 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the CognitiveGuidance class. 24

Table 3.21 The ‘Scaffolding’ class. 25

Table 3.22 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the Scaffolding class. 25

Table 3.23 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the CognitiveGuidance class. 26

Table 3.24 The ‘Chunking’ class. 26

Table 3.25 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the Chunking class. 27

Table 3.26 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the Chunking class. 27

Table 3.27 The ‘KeywordEmphasis’ class. 28

Table 3.28 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the KeywordEmphasis class. 28

Table 3.29 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the KeywordEmphasis class. 29

Table 3.30 The ‘ReducedAnswers’ class. 29

Table 3.31 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the ReducedAnswers class. 30

Table 3.32 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the ReducedAnswers class. 30

Table 3.33 The ‘NegativesRemoved’ class. 31

Table 3.34 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the NegativesRemoved class. 31

Table 3.35 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the NegativesRemoved class. 32

Table 3.36 The ‘KeywordTranslations’ class. 32

Table 3.37 The ‘language’ attribute for the KeywordTranslations class. 33

Table 3.38 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the KeywordTranslations class. 33

Table 3.39 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the KeywordTranslations class. 34

Table 3.40 The ‘ItemTranslationDisplay’ class. 34

Table 3.41 The ‘language’ attribute for the ItemTranslationDisplay class. 35

Table 3.42 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the ItemTranslationDisplay class. 35

Table 3.43 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the ItemTranslationDisplay class. 36

Table 3.44 The ‘Signing’ class. 36

Table 3.45 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the Signing class. 37

Table 3.46 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the Signing class. 37

Table 3.47 The ‘signingType’ attribute for the Signing class. 38

Table 3.48 The ‘SimplifiedLanguage’ class. 38

Table 3.49 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the SimplifiedLanguage class. 39

Table 3.50 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the SimplifiedLanguage class. 39

Table 3.51 The ‘AlternativeRepresentations’ class. 41

Table 3.52 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the AlternativeRepresentations class. 41

Table 3.53 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the AlternativeRepresentations class. 42

Table 3.54 The ‘alternativeRepresentationType’ attribute for the AlternativeRepresentations class. 42

Table 3.55 The ‘Spoken’ class. 44

Table 3.56 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the Spoken class. 44

Table 3.57 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the Spoken class. 45

Table 3.58 The ‘spokenSourcePreference’ attribute for the Spoken class. 45

Table 3.59 The ‘readAtStartPreference’ attribute for the Spoken class. 46

Table 3.60 The ‘userSpokenPreference’ attribute for the Spoken class. 47

Table 3.61 The ‘directionsOnly’ attribute for the Spoken class. 48

Table 3.62 The ‘APIPDisplay’ class. 50

Table 3.63 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the APIPDisplay class. 50

Table 3.64 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the APIPDisplay class. 51

Table 3.65 The ‘masking’ attribute for the APIPDisplay class. 51

Table 3.66 The ‘encouragement’ attribute for the APIPDisplay class. 52

Table 3.67 The ‘auditoryBackground’ attribute for the APIPDisplay class. 52

Table 3.68 The ‘Masking’ class. 53

Table 3.70 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the Masking class. 53

Table 3.71 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the Masking class. 54

Table 3.71 The ‘maskingType’ attribute for the Masking class. 54

Table 3.72 The ‘Encouragement’ class. 55

Table 3.73 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the Encouragement class. 55

Table 3.74 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the Encouragement class. 56

Table 3.75 The ‘textMessageString’ attribute for the Encouragement class. 56

Table 3.76 The ‘soundFileHref’ attribute for the EncouragementMode class. 57

Table 3.77 The ‘AuditoryBackground’ class. 57

Table 3.78 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the AuditoryBackground class. 58

Table 3.79 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the AuditoryBackground class. 58

Table 3.80 The ‘APIPControl’ class. 59

Table 3.81 The ‘breaks’ attribute for the APIPControl class. 60

Table 3.82 The ‘additionalTestingTime’ attribute for the APIPControl class. 60

Table 3.83 The ‘lineReader’ attribute for the APIPControl class. 61

Table 3.84 The ‘Breaks’ class. 61

Table 3.85 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the Breaks class. 62

Table 3.86 The ‘AdditionalTestingTime’ class. 62

Table 3.87 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the AdditionalTestingTime class. 63

Table 3.88 The ‘timeMultiplier’ attribute for the AdditionalTestingTime class. 63

Table 3.89 The ‘LineReaderUse’ class. 64

Table 3.90 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the LineReaderUse class. 64

Table 3.91 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the LineReaderUse class. 65

Table 3.92 The ‘colour’ attribute for the LineReaderUse class. 65

Table 3.93 The ‘APIPScreenEnhancement’ class. 67

Table 3.94 The ‘increasedWhiteSpacing’ attribute for the APIPScreenEnhancement class. 67

Table 3.95 The ‘colourOverlay’ attribute for the APIPScreenEnhancement class. 68

Table 3.96 The ‘foregroundColour’ attribute for the APIPScreenEnhancement class. 68

Table 3.97 The ‘backgroundColour’ attribute for the APIPScreenEnhancement class. 69

Table 3.98 The ‘invertColourChoice’ attribute for the APIPScreenEnhancement class. 69

Table 3.99 The ‘magnification’ attribute for the APIPScreenEnhancement class. 70

Table 3.100 The ‘IncreasedWhiteSpacing’ class. 70

Table 3.101 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the IncreasedWhiteSpacing class. 71

Table 3.102 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the IncreasedWhiteSpacing class. 71

Table 3.103 The ‘increasedWhiteSpacingType’ attribute for the IncreasedWhiteSpacing class. 72

Table 3.104 The ‘IncreasedWhiteSpacingType’ class. 72

Table 3.105 The ‘line’ attribute for the IncreasedWhiteSpacingTpe class. 73

Table 3.106 The ‘word’ attribute for the IncreasedWhiteSpacingType class. 73

Table 3.107 The ‘character’ attribute for the IncreasedWhiteSpacingType class. 74

Table 3.108 The ‘ColourOverlay’ class. 74

Table 3.109 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the ColourOverlay class. 75

Table 3.110 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the ColourOverlay class. 75

Table 3.111 The ‘colour’ attribute for the ColourOverlay class. 76

Table 3.112 The ‘ForegroundColour’ class. 76

Table 3.113 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the ForegroundColour class. 77

Table 3.114 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the ForegroundColour class. 77

Table 3.115 The ‘colour’ attribute for the ForegroundColour class. 78

Table 3.116 The ‘BackgroundColour’ class. 78

Table 3.117 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the BackgroundColour class. 79

Table 3.118 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the BackgroundColour class. 79

Table 3.119 The ‘colour’ attribute for the BackgroundColour class. 80

Table 3.120 The ‘InvertColourChoice’ class. 80

Table 3.121 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the InvertColourChoice class. 81

Table 3.122 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the InvertColourChoice class. 81

Table 3.123 The ‘Magnification’ class. 82

Table 3.124 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the Magnification class. 82

Table 3.125 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the Magnification class. 83

Table 4.1 Mapping between the PIM (Information Model), PSM (Binding) and XSD descriptions for the APIP AfA PNP Extensions. 92

Table A1.1 Class and attribute descriptors. 101

1 Introduction

1.1 Scope and Context

This document contains the technical specification of the Access For All Personal Needs & Preferences new features created for the Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP) Standard [APIP, 12a], [APIP, 12b], [APIP, 12c]. The APIP Standard provides assessment programs and question item developers a data model for standardizing the file format of digital test items. When applied properly, the APIP standards accomplish two important goals. First, the APIP standards allow digital test items to be ported across APIP compliant test item banks. Second, they provide a test delivery interface with all the information and resources required to make a test item accessible for students with a variety of disabilities and special needs.

The APIP standards build on the IMS Question and Test Interoperability (QTI) v2.1 and the IMS Access For All Personal Needs & Preferences (AfA PNP) v2.0 specifications. However, these do not provide all of the functionality required by APIP and so extensions have been created to both specifications. This document details the extensions to the AfA PNP v2.0 Specification in terms of the new information model and the corresponding XML Schema Definition (XSD) binding. The associated best practice examples are presented in [APIP, 12d].

This version of the document is Candidate Final, meaning the technical solution described in the specification is as definitive as possible in the absence of numerous systems and content that have implemented the specification and achieved official conformance. IMS strongly encourages its members and the community in general to continue/begin developing to the specification now. When a sufficient number of systems have proven the solution works through successful conformance achievement, the Candidate Final specification will be submitted to IMS members for Final approval. IMS expects only minor refinements based on implementation experience during this Candidate Final period.

Revisions to the APIP specification will be posted here: http://www.imsglobal.org/APIP/
To join the IMS developer and conformance certification community focused on APIP and QTI v2.1 please visit the IMS QTI2/APIP Alliance online here: http://www.imsglobal.org/developers/apipalliance/index.cfm
Public contributions, comments and questions can be posted here: http://www.imsglobal.org/community/forum/categories.cfm?catid=110

1.2 Structure of this Document

The structure of the rest of this document is:

2. New Features by the APIP	An overview of the new features and their relationship to the corresponding baseline IMS specifications;
3. AfA PNP Information model Extension	The information model description (using the IMS UML platform independent model representation) of the extensions to the AfA PNP v2.0 specification;
4. AfA PNP Extension Binding Description	The binding description (using the IMS UML platform specific model representation for XSDs) of the extensions to the AfA PNP v2.0 specification;
Appendix A The IMS UML Profile Notation	An explanation of the notational approach used in describing the new information models.

1.3 Related Documents

[AfAPNP, 09] IMS Access For All Personal Needs & Preferences Information Model v2.0, R.Schwerdtfeger, M.Rothberg and C.Smythe, Final Release, IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc., April 2010.

[APIP, 12a] Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP) v1.0 Terms and Definitions, Candidate Final Release, G.Driscoll, T.Hoffmann, W.Ostler, M.Russell, M.McKell and C.Smythe, IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc., March 2012.

[APIP, 12b] Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP) v1.0 Terms and Definitions, Candidate Final Release, G.Driscoll, T.Hoffmann, W.Ostler, M.Russell, M.McKell and C.Smythe, IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc., March 2012.

[APIP, 12c] Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP) v1.0 Technical Specification, Candidate Final Release, G.Driscoll, T.Hoffmann, W.Ostler, M.Russell, M.McKell and C.Smythe, IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc., March 2012.

[APIP, 12d] Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP) v1.0 Best Practices and Implementation Guide, Candidate Final Release, G.Driscoll, T.Hoffmann, W.Ostler, M.Russell, M.McKell and C.Smythe, IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc., March 2012.

1.4 Acronyms

AfA PNP Access for All Personal Needs & Preferences

APIP Accessible Portable Item Protocol

CP Content Packaging

DRD Digital Resource Description

HTML Hypertext Mark-up Language

I-BAT IMS Binding Auto-generation Toolkit

IEEE Institution of Electronic & Electrical Engineers

IMS Global IMS Global Learning Consortium

LOM Learning Object Metadata

PNP Personal Needs & Preferences

PSM Platform Specific Model

QTI Question & Test Interoperability

UML Unified Modeling Language

XML Exchange Mark-up Language

XSD XML Schema Definition

2 New Features Required by APIP

Use of the accessibility content in an Item, Section or Test is triggered by the preference settings for the learner. The IMS AfA PNP specification is the data model that is to be used by an APIP compliant assessment system when it retrieves the user’s preferences from a Preferences System. The current AfA PNP v2.0 specification does not support many of the content-specific features defined by APIP for Items. Therefore, a set of APIP extensions must be defined to the AfA PNPv2.0 so that an assessment system can access the information required to configure and render an APIP Item to suit the personal needs and preferences of the learner.

2.1 Information Model

The new features extend the original AfA PNP v2.0 specification at four points, namely:

· AfA PNP Class: Content – extended using the attribute ‘apipContent’ for the new class ‘APIPContent’;

· AfA PNP Class: Control – extended using the attribute ‘apipControl’ for the new class ‘APIPControl’;

· AfA PNP Class: Display – extended using the attribute ‘apipDisplay’ for the new class ‘APIPDisplay’;

· AfA PNP Class: ScreenEnhancement – extended using the attribute ‘apipScreenEnhancement’ for the new class ‘APIPScreenEnhancement’;

2.2 Binding

The relationship between the bindings of the new features with the original specification is shown schematically in Figure 2.1. The new features are realized in their own XSD (shown as the XSD at the base of the diagram). The new XSD is used to extend the functionality of the original XSD (shown as the middle feature in the diagram) and these are used to validate the corresponding data file instances.

Figure 2.1 Schematic representation of the relationship between the original and new features.

This document describes the functionality and development of the new XSD for the personal needs and preferences.

3 AfA PNP Information Model Extension

3.1 APIPContent Class

The Platform Independent Model (PIM) for the APIPContent class is shown in Figure 3.1.

Figure 3.1 APIPContent class.

Table 3.1 The ‘APIPContent’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	APIPContent
Class type	Container (Unordered)
Parents	Content (see IMS AfA PNP v2.0 specification)
Children	[ languageLearner, cognitiveGuidance, scaffolding, chunking, keywordEmphasis, reducedAnswers, negativesRemoved, alternativeRepresentations, keywordTranslations, itemTranslationDisplay, signing, spoken, simplifiedLanguage ], unordered
Description	This is the container for the set of APIP extensions to the Content container in the IMS AfA PNP v2.0 specification.

3.1.1 ‘LearnerLanguage’ Attribute Description

Table 3.2 The ‘learnerLanguage’ attribute for the APIPContent class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	languageLearner
Data type	LanguageLearner
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Used to define the configuration for the support of language learners.

3.1.2 ‘CognitiveGuidance’ Attribute Description

Table 3.3 The ‘cognitiveGuidance’ attribute for the APIPContent class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	cognitiveGuidance
Data type	CognitiveGuidance
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Used to define the configuration for the support for guidance through the set of test questions.

3.1.3 ‘Scaffolding’ Attribute Description

Table 3.4 The ‘scaffolding’ attribute for the APIPContent class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	scaffolding
Data type	Scaffolding
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Used to define the configuration for the support of additional information, available in the Item, that can be provided to the user to assist in answering the question.

3.1.4 ‘Chunking’ Attribute Description

Table 3.5 The ‘chunking’ attribute for the APIPContent class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	chunking
Data type	Chunking
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Used to define if content is to be broken into chunks and these chunks presented to the user.

3.1.5 ‘KeywordEmphasis’ Attribute Description

Table 3.6 The ‘keywordEmphasis’ attribute for the APIPContent class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	keywordEmphasis
Data type	KeywordEmphasis
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Certain words are designated in the content as key words. Programs should designate how they are to be emphasized. This value is used to define the corresponding user preference setting.

3.1.6 ‘ReducedAnswers’ Attribute Description

Table 3.7 The ‘reducedAnswers’ attribute for the APIPContent class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	reducedAnswers
Data type	ReducedAnswers
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	The user could ask that the number of answer choices be reduced. Content design designates which of the answers could be removed and in what order. This value is used to define the corresponding user preference settings.

3.1.7 ‘NegativesRemoved’ Attribute Description

Table 3.8 The ‘negativesRemoved’ attribute for the APIPContent class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	negativesRemoved
Data type	NegativesRemoved
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	An entirely different item is provided to the user with negatives removed. This value is used to define the corresponding user preference settings.

3.1.8 ‘AlternativeRepresentations’ Attribute Description

Table 3.9 The ‘alternativeRepresentations’ attribute for the APIPContent class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	alternativeRepresentations
Data type	AlternativeRepresentations
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This allows a user to view alternate representations of figures, tables, charts, etc.

3.1.9 ‘KeywordTranslations’ Attribute Description

Table 3.10 The ‘keywordTranslations’ attribute for the APIPContent class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	keywordTranslations
Data type	KeywordTranslations
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Certain specific words would have translations available to users who need some assistance with difficult or important words in the content. The user profile should specify the language requested and the content would supply translation for the required languages. This value is used to define the corresponding user preference settings.

3.1.10 ‘ItemTranslationDisplay’ Attribute Description

Table 3.11 The ‘itemTranslationDisplay’ attribute for the APIPContent class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	itemTranslationDisplay
Data type	ItemTranslationDisplay
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	An alternate item is made and the user exposed to the alternate language version. The Item information must contain which specific language it supports. This value is used to define the corresponding user preference settings.

3.1.11 ‘Signing’ Attribute Description

Table 3.12 The ‘signing’ attribute for the APIPContent class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	signing
Data type	Signing
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Animated or live action movie recordings can be provided to the user as either an ASL translation or Signed English version of the Item. This value is used to define the corresponding user preference settings.

3.1.12 ‘Spoken’ Attribute Description

Table 3.13 The ‘spoken’ attribute for the APIPContent class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	spoken
Data type	Spoken
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the container for the preferences to be used to configure the use of the Spoken accessibility content for an Item.

3.1.13 ‘SimplifiedLanguage’ Attribute Description

Table 3.14 The ‘simplifiedLanguage’ attribute for the APIPContent class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	simplifiedLanguage
Data type	SimplifiedLanguage
Value space	Container (Sequence)
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	An entirely different version of a question may be given to a user using simpler language. This value is used to define the corresponding user preference settings.

3.1.14 ‘LanguageLearner’ Class Description

The PIM for the APIP LanguageLearner class is shown in Figure 3.1.

Table 3.15 The ‘LearnerLanguage’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	LanguageLearner
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPContent
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the LanguageLearner accessibility configuration settings.

3.1.14.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.16 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the LearnerLanguage class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated LanguageLearner accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.1.14.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.17 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the LearnerLanguage class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated LanguageLearner accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.1.15 ‘CognitiveGuidance’ Class Description

The PIM for the APIP CognitiveGuidance class is shown in Figure 3.1.

Table 3.18 The ‘CognitiveGuidance’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	CognitiveGuidance
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPContent
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the CognitiveGuidance accessibility configuration settings.

3.1.15.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.19 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the CognitiveGuidance class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated CognitiveGuidance accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.1.15.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.20 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the CognitiveGuidance class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated CognitiveGuidance accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.1.16 ‘Scaffolding’ Class Description

The PIM for the APIP Scaffolding class is shown in Figure 3.1.

Table 3.21 The ‘Scaffolding’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Scaffolding
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPContent
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the Scaffolding accessibility configuration settings.

3.1.16.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.22 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the Scaffolding class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated Scaffolding accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.1.16.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.23 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the CognitiveGuidance class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated Scaffolding accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.1.17 ‘Chunking’ Class Description

The PIM for the APIP Chunking class is shown in Figure 3.1.

Table 3.24 The ‘Chunking’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Chunking
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPContent
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the Chunking accessibility configuration settings.

3.1.17.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.25 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the Chunking class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated Chunking accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.1.17.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.26 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the Chunking class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated Chunking accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.1.18 ‘KeywordEmphasis’ Class Description

The PIM for the APIP KeywordEmphasis class is shown in Figure 3.1.

Table 3.27 The ‘KeywordEmphasis’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	KeywordEmphasis
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPContent
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the KeywordEmphasis accessibility configuration settings.

3.1.18.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.28 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the KeywordEmphasis class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated KeywordEmphasis accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.1.18.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.29 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the KeywordEmphasis class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated KeywordEmphasis accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.1.19 ‘ReducedAnswers’ Class Description

The PIM for the APIP ReducedAnswers class is shown in Figure 3.1.

Table 3.30 The ‘ReducedAnswers’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	ReducedAnswers
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPContent
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the ReducedAnswers accessibility configuration settings.

3.1.19.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.31 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the ReducedAnswers class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated ReducedAnswers accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.1.19.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.32 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the ReducedAnswers class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated ReducedAnswers accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.1.20 ‘NegativesRemoved’ Class Description

The PIM for the APIP NegativesRemoved class is shown in Figure 3.1.

Table 3.33 The ‘NegativesRemoved’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	NegativesRemoved
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPContent
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the NegativesRemoved accessibility configuration settings.

3.1.20.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.34 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the NegativesRemoved class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated NegativesRemoved accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.1.20.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.35 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the NegativesRemoved class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated NegativesRemoved accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.1.21 ‘KeywordTranslations’ Class Description

The PIM for the APIP KeywordTranslations class is shown in Figure 3.1.

Table 3.36 The ‘KeywordTranslations’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	KeywordTranslations
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPContent
Children	[ language, assignedSupport, activateByDefault ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the KeywordTranslations accessibility configuration settings.

3.1.21.1 ‘Language’ Attribute Description

Table 3.37 The ‘language’ attribute for the KeywordTranslations class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	language
Data type	Language
Value space	See Table A1.1.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the default language for the keyword translation.

3.1.21.2 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.38 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the KeywordTranslations class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated KeywordTranslations accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.1.21.3 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.39 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the KeywordTranslations class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated KeywordTranslations accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.1.22 ‘ItemTranslationDisplay’ Class Description

The PIM for the APIP ItemTranslationDisplay class is shown in Figure 3.1.

Table 3.40 The ‘ItemTranslationDisplay’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	ItemTranslationDisplay
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPContent
Children	[ language, assignedSupport, activateByDefault ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the ItemTranslationDisplay accessibility configuration settings.

3.1.22.1 ‘Language’ Attribute Description

Table 3.41 The ‘language’ attribute for the ItemTranslationDisplay class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	language
Data type	Language
Value space	See Table A1.1.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the default language for the displayed translation.

3.1.22.2 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.42 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the ItemTranslationDisplay class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated ItemTranslationDisplay accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.1.22.3 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.43 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the ItemTranslationDisplay class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated ItemTranslationDisplay accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.1.23 ‘Signing’ Class Description

The PIM for the APIP Signing class is shown in Figure 3.1.

Table 3.44 The ‘Signing’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Signing
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPContent
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault, signingType ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the Signing accessibility configuration settings.

3.1.23.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.45 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the Signing class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated Signing accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.1.23.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.46 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the Signing class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated Signing accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.1.23.3 ‘SigningType’ Attribute Description

Table 3.47 The ‘signingType’ attribute for the Signing class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	signingType
Data type	SigningType
Value space	Enumeration set: { ASL \| SignedEnglish }.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the type of signing preferred by the user.

3.1.24 ‘SimplifiedLanguage’ Class Description

The PIM for the APIP SimplifiedLanguage class is shown in Figure 3.1.

Table 3.48 The ‘SimplifiedLanguage’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	SimplifiedLanguage
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPContent
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the Signing accessibility configuration settings.

3.1.24.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.49 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the SimplifiedLanguage class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated SimplifiedLanguage accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.1.24.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.50 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the SimplifiedLanguage class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated SimplifiedLanguage accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.1.25 ‘AlternativeRepresentations’ Class Description

The PIM for the APIP AlternativeRepresentations class is shown in Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.2 AlternativeRepresentations class.

Table 3.51 The ‘AlternativeRepresentations’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	AlternativeRepresentations
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPContent
Children	[ assignedSupport, acivateByDefault, alternativeRepresentationType ], ordered
Description	APIP content can have a number of alternative representations. This is the container for the set of preferences for the user for each of these possible alternative representations.

3.1.25.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.52 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the AlternativeRepresentations class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated AlternativeRepresentations accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.1.25.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.53 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the AlternativeRepresentations class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated AlternativeRepresentations accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.1.25.3 ‘AlternativeRepresentationType’ Attribute Description

Table 3.54 The ‘alternativeRepresentationType’ attribute for the AlternativeRepresentations class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	alternativeRepresentationType
Data type	alternativeRepresentationType
Value space	Enumeration set: { Audio \| Video \| Graphic \| Text \| Interactive }.
Multiplicity	[1..*]
Description	Defines the set of alternative representations that are suitable for the user.

3.1.26 ‘Spoken’ Class Description

The PIM for the APIP Spoken class is shown in Figure 3.3.

Figure 3.3 Spoken class.

Table 3.55 The ‘Spoken’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Spoken
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPContent
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault, spokenSourcePreference, readAtStartPreference, userSpokenPreference, directionsOnly ], ordered
Description	Text presented to the user is spoken aloud. Graphics, tables, diagrams, pictures, etc. would have alternate text that could be spoken aloud. This is the container for the preference settings for access to the spoken accessibility content.

3.1.26.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.56 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the Spoken class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated Spoken accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.1.26.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.57 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the Spoken class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated Spoken accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.1.26.3 ‘SpokenSourcePreference’ Attribute Description

Table 3.58 The ‘spokenSourcePreference’ attribute for the Spoken class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	spokenSourcePreference
Data type	Enumeration
Value space	Enumeration set: { Human \| Synthetic }. Default = Human.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the preferred spoken audio form. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · Human – human voice recording is the preferred type of speech; · Synthetic – synthesized speech is the preferred type of speech.

3.1.26.4 ‘ReadAtStartPreference’ Attribute Description

Table 3.59 The ‘readAtStartPreference’ attribute for the Spoken class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	readAtStartPreference
Data type	Boolean
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Used to define if the spoken play-back should commence from the start of a recording or not. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – spoken play-back should start from where last play ended; · true – spoken play-back should always start at the beginning of the recording.

3.1.26.5 ‘UserSpokenPreference’ Attribute Description

Table 3.60 The ‘userSpokenPreference’ attribute for the Spoken class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	userSpokenPreference
Data type	Enumeration
Value space	Enumeration set: { TextOnly \| TextGraphics \| GraphicsOnly \| NonVisual }. Default = TextOnly.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Used to define the type of material that should be rendered using the read aloud alternative content. The functional meanings of the vocabulary are: · TextOnly – spoken play-back should be used for text based content; · TextGraphics – spoken play-back should be used for text and graphics based content; · GraphicsOnly – spoken play-back should be used for graphics content only; · NonVisual – spoken play-back should be used for all non-visual content.

3.1.26.6 ‘DirectionsOnly’ Attribute Description

Table 3.61 The ‘directionsOnly’ attribute for the Spoken class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	directionsOnly
Data type	Boolean
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = false.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Defines whether or not the spoken alternative content presentation should be applied to directive content only. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – read aloud should not be restricted to just directive content; · true – read aloud should be restricted to directive content only.

3.2 APIPDisplay Class

The PIM for the APIPDisplay class is shown in Figure 3.4.

Figure 3.4 APIPDisplay class.

Table 3.62 The ‘APIPDisplay’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	APIPDisplay
Class type	Container (Unordered)
Parents	Display (see IMS AfA PNP v2.0 specification)
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault, masking, encouragement, auditoryBackground ], unordered
Description	The container for the set of APIP extensions to the display features in the AfA PNP v2.0 specification.

3.2.1.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.63 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the APIPDisplay class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated APIPDisplay accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.2.1.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.64 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the APIPDisplay class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated APIPDisplay accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.2.2 ‘Masking’Attribute Description

Table 3.65 The ‘masking’ attribute for the APIPDisplay class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	masking
Attribute name	Masking
Data type	Container
Value space	[0..1]
Multiplicity	Various types of content masking are possible to limit the amount of content rendered when an item is first presented. This is the container for the user’s preferred masking settings.

3.2.3 ‘Encouragement’ Attribute Description

Table 3.66 The ‘encouragement’ attribute for the APIPDisplay class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	encouragement
Data type	Encouragement
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Some users may benefit from receiving expressions of encouragement as they work on the Test/Item. This is the container for the user preferences specific to the provision of expressions of encouragement.

3.2.4 ‘AuditoryBackground’ Attribute Description

Table 3.67 The ‘auditoryBackground’ attribute for the APIPDisplay class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	auditoryBackground
Data type	AuditoryBackground
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Users can listen to music or sounds in the background as they work on the Test/Item. This is the container for the user preferences specific to the provision of background sound.

3.2.5 ‘Masking’ Class Description

The PIM for the Masking class is shown in Figure 3.4.

Table 3.68 The ‘Masking’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	Masking
Data type	Container (Sequence)
Value space	APIPDisplay
Multiplicity	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault, maskingType ], ordered
Description	The container for the instructions on the form that masking can occur.

3.2.5.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.70 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the Masking class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated Masking accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.2.5.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.71 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the Masking class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = false.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated Masking accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.2.5.3 ‘MaskingType’ Attribute Description

Table 3.71 The ‘maskingType’ attribute for the Masking class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	maskingType
Data type	Enumeration
Value space	Enumerated set: { CustomMask \| AnswerMask }
Multiplicity	[1..2]
Description	A user is able to create their own masks to cover portions of the question until needed. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · CustomMask – user is able to create their own masking; · AnswerMask – by default the masking of choices in multiple choice questions are covered when the item is first presented.

3.2.6 ‘Encouragement’ Class Description

The PIM for the Encouragement class is shown in Figure 3.4.

Table 3.72 The ‘Encouragement’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	EncouragementMode
Data type	Container (Selection)
Value space	APIPDisplay
Multiplicity	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault, textMessagingString, soundFileHref ], ordered selection
Description	The container for the expressions of encouragement that are to be offered to the users.

3.2.6.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.73 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the Encouragement class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated Encouragement accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.2.6.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.74 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the Encouragement class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated Encouragement accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.2.6.3 ‘TextMessageString’ Attribute Description

Table 3.75 The ‘textMessageString’ attribute for the Encouragement class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	textMessageString
Data type	NormalizedString
Value space	Normalized string. Length [1-4095] characters.
Multiplicity	[1..unbounded]
Description	The text string that is to be displayed to the user as an expression of encouragement. It is left to the system to determine when to display this string.

3.2.6.4 ‘SoundFileHref’ Attribute Description

Table 3.76 The ‘soundFileHref’ attribute for the EncouragementMode class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	soundFileHref
Data type	URI
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1..unbounded]
Description	The URI of the sound file that is to be played to the user as an expression of encouragement. It is left to the system to determine when to play this audio file.

3.2.7 ‘AuditoryBackground’ Attribute Description

The PIM for the Encouragement class is shown in Figure 3.4.

Table 3.77 The ‘AuditoryBackground’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	AuditoryBackground
Data type	Container (Selection)
Value space	APIPDisplay
Multiplicity	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault ], ordered
Description	Users can listen to music or sounds in the background as they work on the Test/Item.

3.2.7.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.78 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the AuditoryBackground class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated auditory background accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.2.7.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.79 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the AuditoryBackground class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = false.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated auditory background accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.3 APIPControl Class

The PIM for the APIPControl class is shown in Figure 3.5.

Figure 3.5 APIPControl class.

Table 3.80 The ‘APIPControl’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	APIPControl
Class type	Container (Unordered)
Parents	Control (see IMS AfA PNP v2.0 specification).
Children	[ breaks, additionalTestingTime, lineReader ], unordered
Description	This is the container for the set of APIP extensions to the Control container in the IMS AfA PNP v2.0 specification.

3.3.1 ‘Breaks’ Attribute Description

Table 3.81 The ‘breaks’ attribute for the APIPControl class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	breaks
Data type	Breaks
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	A user is allowed to take breaks at their request during the testing session and return to their testing session when ready.

3.3.2 ‘AdditionalTestingTime’ Attribute Description

Table 3.82 The ‘additionalTestingTime’ attribute for the APIPControl class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	additionalTestingTime
Data type	AdditionalTestingTime
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	If a test has a time limit, the user will be allowed additional time to complete the test. This is the container for the user’s addition time preferences.

3.3.3 ‘LineReader’ Attribute Description

Table 3.83 The ‘lineReader’ attribute for the APIPControl class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	lineReader
Data type	LineReader
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Describes the preferences for the use of a line reader.

3.3.4 ‘Breaks’ Class Description

The PIM for the Breaks class is shown in Figure 3.5.

Table 3.84 The ‘Breaks’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	Breaks
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPControl
Children	[ assignedSupport ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the settings for the support of breaks during the test.

3.3.4.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.85 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the Breaks class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated support for Breaks is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.3.5 ‘AdditionalTestingTime’ Class Description

The PIM for the AdditionalTestingTime class is shown in Figure 3.5.

Table 3.86 The ‘AdditionalTestingTime’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	AdditionalTestingTime
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPControl
Children	[ assignedSupport, timeMultiplier ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the additional time that is to be permitted for the user when undertaking a test.

3.3.5.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.87 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the AdditionalTestingTime class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated support for AdditionalTestingTime is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.3.5.2 ‘TimeMultiplier’ Attribute Description

Table 3.88 The ‘timeMultiplier’ attribute for the AdditionalTestingTime class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	timeMultiplier
Data type	NormalizedString
Value space	This is either a decimal number in the range 0.0 ≤ timeMultiplier ≤ 10.0 or the phrase “unlimited”. Default = “unlimited”.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the multiplier to be applied to the time limit to determine the total testing time. If the value is ‘unlimited’ then there is no time limit for the test.

3.3.6 ‘LineReaderUse’ Class Description

The PIM for the LineReaderUse class is shown in Figure 3.5.

Table 3.89 The ‘LineReaderUse’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	LineReaderUse
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPControl
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault, colour ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the settings for the use of a line reader. A user may have a tool available that assists them in moving a reading tool (line highlighter or underscore) down line by line, to assist in reading the content.

3.3.6.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.90 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the LineReaderUse class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated LineReaderUse accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.3.6.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.91 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the LineReaderUse class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = false.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated LineReaderUse accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.3.6.3 ‘Colour’ Attribute Description

Table 3.92 The ‘colour’ attribute for the LineReaderUse class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	colour
Data type	HexBinary
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	The colour used to highlight the point of line reader activity i.e. the line being read.

3.4 APIPScreenEnhancement Class

The PIM for the APIPScreenEnhancement class is shown in Figure 3.6.

Figure 3.6 APIPScreenEnhancement class.

Table 3.93 The ‘APIPScreenEnhancement’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	APIPScreenEnhancement
Class type	Container (Unordered)
Parents	ScreenEnhancement (see IMS AfA PNP v2.0 specification).
Children	[ increasedWhiteSpacing, colourOverlay, foregroundColour, backgroundColour, invertColourChoice, magnification ]
Description	This is the container for the set of APIP extensions to the ScreenEnhancement container in the IMS AfA PNP v2.0 specification.

3.4.1 ‘IncreasedWhiteSpacing’ Attribute Description

Table 3.94 The ‘increasedWhiteSpacing’ attribute for the APIPScreenEnhancement class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	increasedWhiteSpacing
Data type	IncreasedWhiteSpacing
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Increased white spacing is the flexibility in layout to allow more space between lines of text, between words of text, and between characters within words. This affects the layout of items.

3.4.2 ‘ColourOverlay’ Attribute Description

Table 3.95 The ‘colourOverlay’ attribute for the APIPScreenEnhancement class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	colourOverlay
Data type	ColourOverlay
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Describes the use of a colour overlay to enhance readability of text.

3.4.3 ‘ForegroundColour’ Attribute Description

Table 3.96 The ‘foregroundColour’ attribute for the APIPScreenEnhancement class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	foregroundColour
Data type	ForegroundColour
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Defines the foreground colour preference settings for the user.

3.4.4 ‘BackgroundColour’ Attribute Description

Table 3.97 The ‘backgroundColour’ attribute for the APIPScreenEnhancement class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	backgroundColour
Data type	BackgroundColour
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Defines the background colour preference settings for the user.

3.4.5 ‘InvertColourChoice’ Attribute Description

Table 3.98 The ‘invertColourChoice’ attribute for the APIPScreenEnhancement class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	invertColourChoice
Data type	InvertColourChoice
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Describes the use of the colour inversion settings for the user.

3.4.6 ‘Magnification’ Attribute Description

Table 3.99 The ‘magnification’ attribute for the APIPScreenEnhancement class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	magnification
Data type	Magnification
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	Describes the use of the magnification settings for the user.

3.4.7 ‘IncreasedWhiteSpacing’ Class Description

The PIM for the IncreasedWhiteSpacing class is shown in Figure 3.6.

Table 3.100 The ‘IncreasedWhiteSpacing’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	IncreasedWhiteSpacing
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPScreenEnhancement
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault, increasedWhiteSpacingType ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the information about the application of increased white spacing.

3.4.7.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.101 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the IncreasedWhiteSpacing class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if the associated IncreasedWhiteSpacing accessibility content is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.4.7.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.102 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the IncreasedWhiteSpacing class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = false.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated IncreasedWhiteSpacing accessibility. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.4.7.3 ‘IncreasedWhiteSpacingType’ Attribute Description

Table 3.103 The ‘increasedWhiteSpacingType’ attribute for the IncreasedWhiteSpacing class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	increasedWhiteSpacingType
Data type	IncreasedWhiteSpacingType
Value space	Container
Multiplicity	[0..3]
Description	Defines the user preferences for white spacing in lines, words and characters.

3.4.8 ‘IncreasedWhiteSpacingType’ Class Description

The PIM for the IncreasedWhiteSpacingType class is shown in Figure 3.6.

Table 3.104 The ‘IncreasedWhiteSpacingType’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	IncreasedWhiteSpacingType
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPScreenEnhancement
Children	[ line, word, character ], ordered
Description	This is the container for the information about the application of increased white spacing.

3.4.8.1 ‘Line’ Attribute Description

Table 3.105 The ‘line’ attribute for the IncreasedWhiteSpacingTpe class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	line
Data type	Boolean
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the activation state for line spacing. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – increased white spacing between lines is not activated; · true – increased white spacing between lines is activated.

3.4.8.2 ‘Word’ Attribute Description

Table 3.106 The ‘word’ attribute for the IncreasedWhiteSpacingType class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	word
Data type	Boolean
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the activation state for word spacing. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false –increased white spacing between words is not activated; · true – increased white spacing between words is activated.

3.4.8.3 ‘Character’ Attribute Description

Table 3.107 The ‘character’ attribute for the IncreasedWhiteSpacingType class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	character
Data type	Boolean
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the activation state for character spacing. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – increased white spacing between characters is not activated; · true – increased white spacing between characters is activated.

3.4.9 ‘ColourOverlay’ Class Description

The PIM for the ColourOverlay class is shown in Figure 3.6.

Table 3.108 The ‘ColourOverlay’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	colourOverlay
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPScreenEnhancement
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault, colour ], ordered
Description	This is a mechanism in which a color tint is laid over the content (directions and questions) to aid in reading of text. This is the user preferences for colour overlay.

3.4.9.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.109 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the ColourOverlay class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if ColourOverlay is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.4.9.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.110 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the ColourOverlay class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = false.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated ColourOverlay. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.4.9.3 ‘Colour’ Attribute Description

Table 3.111 The ‘colour’ attribute for the ColourOverlay class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	colour
Data type	HexBinary
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the preferred colour for the overlay.

3.4.10 ‘ForegroundColour’ Class Description

The PIM for the ForegroundColour class is shown in Figure 3.6.

Table 3.112 The ‘ForegroundColour’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	ForegroundColour
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPScreenEnhancement
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault, colour ], ordered
Description	This is a mechanism in which the foreground colour is changed to aid the usage of the screen. This is the user preferences for foreground colour.

3.4.10.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.113 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the ForegroundColour class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if ForegroundColour change is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.4.10.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.114 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the ForegroundColour class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = false.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated ForegroundColour. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.4.10.3 ‘Colour’ Attribute Description

Table 3.115 The ‘colour’ attribute for the ForegroundColour class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	colour
Data type	HexBinary
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the preferred Foreground Colour.

3.4.11 ‘BackgroundColour’ Class Description

The PIM for the BackgroundColour class is shown in Figure 3.6.

Table 3.116 The ‘BackgroundColour’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	BackgroundColour
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPScreenEnhancement
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault, colour ], ordered
Description	This is a mechanism in which the background colour is changed to aid the usage of the screen. This is the user’s preferences for foreground colour.

3.4.11.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.117 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the BackgroundColour class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if BackgroundColour change is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.4.11.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.118 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the BackgroundColour class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = false.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated BackgroundColour. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.4.11.3 ‘Colour’ Attribute Description

Table 3.119 The ‘colour’ attribute for the BackgroundColour class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	colour
Data type	HexBinary
Value space	See Appendix A.
Multiplicity	[0..1]
Description	This is the preferred Background Colour.

3.4.12 ‘InvertColouChoice’ Class Description

The PIM for the InvertColourChoice class is shown in Figure 3.6.

Table 3.120 The ‘InvertColourChoice’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	InvertColourChoice
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPScreenEnhancement
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault ], ordered
Description	This is a container for the colour inversion settings.

3.4.12.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.121 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the InvertColourChoice class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if InvertColourChoice change is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.4.12.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.122 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the InvertColourChoice class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = false.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated InvertColourChoice. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

3.4.13 ‘Magnification’ Class Description

The PIM for the Magnification class is shown in Figure 3.6.

Table 3.123 The ‘Magnification’ class.

Descriptor	Definition
Class name	InvertColourChoice
Class type	Container (Sequence)
Parents	APIPScreenEnhancement
Children	[ assignedSupport, activateByDefault ], ordered
Description	This is a container for the Magnification settings.

3.4.13.1 ‘AssignedSupport’ Attribute Description

Table 3.124 The ‘assignedSupport’ attribute for the Magnification class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	assignedSupport
Data type	AssignedBySupport (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = true.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines if Magnification change is required by the user. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the capability is not required by the user; · true – the capability is required by the user.

3.4.13.2 ‘ActivateByDefault’ Attribute Description

Table 3.125 The ‘activateByDefault’ attribute for the Magnification class.

Descriptor	Definition
Attribute name	activateByDefault
Data type	ActivateByDefault (Boolean)
Value space	Enumeration set: { true \| false }. Default = false.
Multiplicity	[1]
Description	Defines the default presentation mode of the associated Magnification. The functional meaning of the vocabulary entries are: · false – the default mode is to not present the capability/material; · true – the default mode is to present the capability/material.

4 AfA PNP Extension Binding Description

4.1 Platform Specific Model Representation

The Platform Specific Models (PSMs) for the APIP QTI extensions are shown in Figures:

4.1 APIP Access for All PNP Extension Root;

4.2 APIP Content;

4.3 APIP Alternative Representations;

4.4 APIP Spoken;

4.5 APIP Control;

4.6 APIP Display;

4.7 APIP Screen enhancement;

4.8 Data-types.

Figure 4.1 APIP AFA PNP extension root PSM.

Figure 4.2 APIP content PSM.

Figure 4.3 APIP content alternative representations PSM.

Figure 4.4 APIP content spoken PSM.

Figure 4.5 APIP control PSM.

Figure 4.6 APIP display PSM.

Figure 4.7 APIP screen enhancement PSM.

Figure 4.8 Data-types PSM.

4.2 Information Model to PMS to XSD Mappings

For the APIP AfA PNP Extensions the mapping between the PIM (Information Model in Section 3) and PSM binding representation (Section 4.1) is detailed in Table 4.1. The key to Table 4.1 is:

· The ‘PSM Reference’ field refers to information in the PSM description (Section 4.1 in this document). The sub-fields are:

— Name – the name of the data structure in the PSM and PIM

— UML Type – the type of UML construct i.e. either Class or Attribute

— Figure – the reference Figure number in this document;

· The ‘PIM Reference’ field refers to the Information Model (Section 3). The sub-fields are:

— Type – the type of the data structure in the Information Model

— Table – the reference number of Tabular description in the corresponding Information Model document;

· The 'XSD Reference' field refers to information in the XSD descriptions (Section 4.3 in this document). The sub-fields are:

— Name – the name of the field in the XSD(s)

— Type – the type of XSD construct i.e. either a ComplexType or Element. In the case of a ComplexType there are three sub-divisions of sequence, ComplexType (S), choice, ComplexType (C) and unordered, ComplexType (U).

Table 4.1 Mapping between the PIM (Information Model), PSM (Binding) and XSD descriptions for the APIP AfA PNP Extensions.

PSM (Binding) Reference			PIM (Information) Reference		XSD Reference
Name	UML Type	Figure	Type	Table	Name	Type
AccessForAllUser	Class	4.1	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
· apipContent	Attribute	4.1	APIPContent	See [APIP, 12b]	apipContent	Element
· apipControl	Attribute	4.1	APIPControl	See [APIP, 12b]	apipControl	Element
· apipDisplay	Attribute	4.1	APIPDisplay	See [APIP, 12b]	apipDisplay	Element
· apipScreenEnhancement	Attribute	4.1	APIPScreenEnhancement	See [APIP, 12b]	apipScreenEnhancement	Element
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.1	AssignedSupport	Appendix A (Table A1.1)	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.1	ActivateByDefault	Appendix A (Table A1.1)	activateByDefault	Element
APIPContent	Class	4.2	–	3.1	APIPContent.Type	ComplexType (U)
· languageLearner	Attribute	4.2	LanguageLearner	3.2	languageLearner	Element
· cognitiveGuidance	Attribute	4.2	CognitiveGuidance	3.3	guidance	Element
· scaffolding	Attribute	4.2	Scaffolding	3.4	scaffolding	Element
· chunking	Attribute	4.2	Chunking	3.5	chunking	Element
· keywordEmphasis	Attribute	4.2	KeywordEmphasis	3.6	keywordEmphasis	Element
· reducedAnswers	Attribute	4.2	ReducedAnswers	3.7	reducedAnswers	Element
· negativesRemoved	Attribute	4.2	NegativesRemoved	3.8	negativesRemoved	Element
· alternativeRepresentations	Attribute	4.2	AlternativeRepresentations	3.9	alternativeRepresentations	Element
· keywordTranslations	Attribute	4.2	KeywordTranslations	3.10	keywordTranslations	Element
· itemTranslationDisplay	Attribute	4.2	ItemTranslationDisplay	3.11	itemTranslationDisplay	Element
· signing	Attribute	4.2	Signing	3.12	signingMode	Element
· spoken	Attribute	4.2	Spoken	3.13	spoken	Element
· simplifiedLanguage	Attribute	4.2	SimplifiedLanguage	3.14	simplifiedLanguage	Element
LanguageLearner	Class	4.2	–	3.15	LanguageLearner.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.16	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.17	activateByDefault	Element
CongitiveGuidance	Class	4.2	–	3.18	CognitiveGuidance.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.19	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.20	activateByDefault	Element
Scaffolding	Class	4.2	–	3.21	Scaffolding.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.22	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.23	activateByDefault	Element
Chunking	Class	4.2	–	3.24	Chunking.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.25	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.26	activateByDefault	Element
KeywordEmphasis	Class	4.2	–	3.27	KeywordEmphasis.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.28	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.29	activateByDefault	Element
ReducedAnswers	Class	4.2	–	3.30	ReducedAnswers.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.31	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.32	activateByDefault	Element
NegativesRemoved	Class	4.2	–	3.33	NegativesRemoved.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.34	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.35	activateByDefault	Element
KeywordTranslations	Class	4.2	–	3.36	KeywordTranslations.Type	ComplexType (S)
· language	Attribute	4.2	Enumeration (Language)	3.37	xml:lang	Attribute
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.38	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.39	activateByDefault	Element
ItemTranslationDisplay	Class	4.2	–	3.40	ItemTranslationDisplay.Type	ComplexType (S)
· language	Attribute	4.2	Enumeration (Language)	3.41	xml:lang	Attribute
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.42	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.43	activateByDefault	Element
Signing	Class	4.2	–	3.44	Signing.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.45	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.46	activateByDefault	Element
· signingType	Attribute	4.2	Enumeration	3.47	signingType	Element
SimplifiedLanguage	Class	4.2	–	3.48	SimplifiedLanguage.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.49	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.2	Boolean	3.50	activateByDefault	Element
AlternativeRepresentations	Class	4.3	–	3.51	AlternativeRepresentations.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.3	Boolean	3.52	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.3	Boolean	3.53	activateByDefault	Element
· alternativeRepresentationType	Attribute	4.3	Enumeration	3.54	alernativeRepresentationType	Element
Spoken	Class	4.4	–	3.55	Spoken.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.4	Boolean	3.56	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.4	Boolean	3.57	activateByDefault	Element
· spokenSourcePreference	Attribute	4.4	Enumeration	3.58	spokenSourcePreference	Element
· readAtStartPreference	Attribute	4.4	Boolean	3.59	readAtStartPreference	Element
· userSpokenPreference	Attribute	4.4	Boolean	3.60	userSpokenPreference	Element
· directionsOnly	Attribute	4.4	Boolean	3.61	directionsOnly	Element
APIPControl	Class	4.5	–	3.80	APIPControl.Type	ComplexType (U)
· breaks	Attribute	4.5	Breaks	3.81	breaks	Element
· additionalTestingTime	Attribute	4.5	AdditionalTestingTime	3.82	additionalTestingTime	Element
· lineReader	Attribute	4.5	LineReader	3.83	lineReader	Element
Breaks	Class	4.5	–	3.84	Breaks.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.5	Boolean	3.85	assignedSupport	Element
AdditionalTestingTime	Class	4.5	–	3.86	AdditionalTestingTime.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.5	Boolean	3.87	assignedSupport	Element
· timeMultiplier	Attribute	4.5	NormalizedString	3.88	timeMultiplier	Element
LineReaderUse	Class	4.5	–	3.89	LineReaderUse.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.5	Boolean	3.90	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.5	Boolean	3.91	activateByDefault	Element
· colour	Attribute	4.5	HexBinary	3.92	colour	Element
APIPDisplay	Class	4.6	–	3.62	APIPDisplay.Type	ComplexType (U)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.6	Boolean	3.63	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.6	Boolean	3.64	activateByDefault	Element
· masking	Attribute	4.6	Masking	3.65	masking	Element
· encouragement	Attribute	4.6	Encouragement	3.66	encouragement	Element
· auditoryBackground	Attribute	4.6	AuditoryBackground	3.67	auditoryBackground	Element
Masking	Class	4.6	–	3.68	Masking.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.6	Boolean	3.69	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.6	Boolean	3.70	activateByDefault	Element
· maskingType	Attribute	4.6	Enumeration	3.71	maskingType	Element
Encouragement	Class	4.6	–	3.72	Encouragement.Type	ComplexType (S/C)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.6	Boolean	3.73	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.6	Boolean	3.74	activateByDefault	Element
· textMessageString	Attribute	4.6	NormalizedString	3.75	textMessageString	Element
· soundFileHref	Attribute	4.6	URI	3.76	soundFileHref	Element
AuditoryBackground	Class	4.6	–	3.77	AuditoryBackground.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.6	Boolean	3.78	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.6	Boolean	3.79	activateByDefault	Element
APIPScreenEnhancement	Class	4.7	–	3.93	APIPScreenEnhancement.Type	ComplexType (U)
· increasedWhiteSpacing	Attribute	4.7	IncreasedWhiteSpacing	3.94	increasedWhiteSpacing	Element
· colourOverlay	Attribute	4.7	ColourOverlay	3.95	colourOverlay	Element
· foregroundColour	Attribute	4.7	ForegroundColour	3.96	foregroundColour	Element
· backgroundColour	Attribute	4.7	BackgroundColour	3.97	backgroundColour	Element
· invertColourChoice	Attribute	4.7	InvertColourChoice	3.98	invertColourChoice	Element
· magnification	Attribute	4.7	Magnification	3.99	magnification	Element
IncreasedWhiteSpacing	Class	4.7	–	3.100	IncreasedWhiteSpacing.Type	ComplexType S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.7	Boolean	3.101	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.7	Boolean	3.102	activateByDefault	Element
· increasedWhiteSpacingType	Attribute	4.7	IncreasedWhiteSpacingType	3.103	increasedWhiteSpacingType	Element
IncreasedWhiteSpacingType	Class	4.7	–	3.104	IncreasedWhiteSpacingType.Type	ComplexType S)
· line	Attribute	4.7	Boolean	3.105	line	Element
· word	Attribute	4.7	Boolean	3.106	word	Element
· character	Attribute	4.7	Boolean	3.107	character	Element
ColourOverlay	Class	4.7	–	3.108	ColourOverlay.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.7	Boolean	3.109	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.7	Boolean	3.110	activateByDefault	Element
· colour	Attribute	4.7	HexBinary	3.111	colour	Element
foregroundColour	Class	4.7	–	3.112	ForegroundColour.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.7	Boolean	3.113	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.7	Boolean	3.114	activateByDefault	Element
· colour	Attribute	4.7	HexBinary	3.115	colour	Element
backgroundColour	Class	4.7	–	3.116	BackgroundColour.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.7	Boolean	3.117	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.7	Boolean	3.118	activateByDefault	Element
· colour	Attribute	4.7	HexBinary	3.119	colour	Element
InvertColourChoice	Class	4.7	–	3.120	InvertColourChoice.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.7	Boolean	3.121	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.7	Boolean	3.122	activateByDefault	Element
Magnification	Class	4.7	–	3.123	Magnification.Type	ComplexType (S)
· assignedSupport	Attribute	4.7	Boolean	3.124	assignedSupport	Element
· activateByDefault	Attribute	4.7	Boolean	3.125	activateByDefault	Element

Rob Abel IMS Global (USA)	Devin Loftis McGraw-Hill/CTB (USA)
Gary Driscoll ETS (USA)	Mark McKell IMS Global (USA)
Eric Hansen ETS (USA)	Wayne Ostler Pearson (USA)
Casey Hill ETS (USA)	Zack Pierce Measured Progress (USA)
Regina Hoag ETS (USA)	Mike Russell Measured Progress (USA)
Tom Hoffmann Measured Progress (USA)	Colin Smythe IMS Global (UK)

Version No.	Release Date	Comments
Candidate Final v1.0	26 March 2012	The first formal release of the Candidate Final Release version of this document.